问题描述：
英语翻译
What is tenure and how does one achieve it?Tenure implies that a professor has been accepted at a given university as a valued colleague and respected member of the academic community.Therefore,the faculty member is given permanent status and is not subject to termination except under extraordinary circumstances.Extraordinary circumstances can involve gross misconduct by the individual professor (e.g.,academic fraud,plagiarism,criminal conduct,etc.).Tenure can also be withdrawn based on the closure of an entire program or unit within the university (e.g.,if an entire department is closed）.As noted previously,new faculty typically must achieve tenure within a fixed period of time following initial appointment (e.g.,5–6 years).
The popular press has characterized this process of achieving tenure as “publish or perish.” This is,of course,a gross simplification.However,it does reflect one key element.It is expected that members of the faculty will demonstrate the ability to do scholarly work.This scholarship must be validated by publication in peer reviewed journals and publications.A prerequisite of scholarly work is research that provides a firm foundation for unique and significant findings.Scholarship and research are symbiotically linked.Therefore,it is very difficult (particularly at premier or research universities) to receive tenure without a strong research record.
Research and scholarly contributions build the foundation of a respected academic discipline.This echoes the question posed by Nam Suh of the National Science Foundation.He was really asking,“Is there an underlying framework which defines the discipline?” If so,scholarship and research are possible.Scholarship implies a theoretical framework which can be developed and enhanced through research.
谢谢123楼的翻译，不过希望能尽量不要直接翻译软件改一下就粘贴上来！能过通顺的立刻送上分数！
What is tenure and how does one achieve it?Tenure implies that a professor has been accepted at a given university as a valued colleague and respected member of the academic community.Therefore,the faculty member is given permanent status and is not subject to termination except under extraordinary circumstances.Extraordinary circumstances can involve gross misconduct by the individual professor (e.g.,academic fraud,plagiarism,criminal conduct,etc.).Tenure can also be withdrawn based on the closure of an entire program or unit within the university (e.g.,if an entire department is closed）.As noted previously,new faculty typically must achieve tenure within a fixed period of time following initial appointment (e.g.,5–6 years).
The popular press has characterized this process of achieving tenure as “publish or perish.” This is,of course,a gross simplification.However,it does reflect one key element.It is expected that members of the faculty will demonstrate the ability to do scholarly work.This scholarship must be validated by publication in peer reviewed journals and publications.A prerequisite of scholarly work is research that provides a firm foundation for unique and significant findings.Scholarship and research are symbiotically linked.Therefore,it is very difficult (particularly at premier or research universities) to receive tenure without a strong research record.
Research and scholarly contributions build the foundation of a respected academic discipline.This echoes the question posed by Nam Suh of the National Science Foundation.He was really asking,“Is there an underlying framework which defines the discipline?” If so,scholarship and research are possible.Scholarship implies a theoretical framework which can be developed and enhanced through research.
谢谢123楼的翻译，不过希望能尽量不要直接翻译软件改一下就粘贴上来！能过通顺的立刻送上分数！
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