问题描述：
英语翻译 一定要人工翻译 别在线翻译 谢谢了
Recently,h owever,t he use of citizen-basedm easures
as indicators of service performance has been questioned,
particularlyb y Brian Stipak.2T his article evaluates
the criticisms lodged against these measures by
Stipak and others and assesses the utility of the indicators in the making of urban public policy. The discussion
is organized into three major sections. The first section
elaborates the critique of subjective indicators. The
second section reviews these arguments, comments on
their validity, and presents a more comprehensive
framework for understanding urban service delivery
issues and problems. The final section briefly summarizes
the advantagesa nd disadvantageso f subjectivei ndicators
and explains how local government officials
may use these measures in a new approach to service
delivery-coproduction of municipal services.
Recently,h owever,t he use of citizen-basedm easures
as indicators of service performance has been questioned,
particularlyb y Brian Stipak.2T his article evaluates
the criticisms lodged against these measures by
Stipak and others and assesses the utility of the indicators in the making of urban public policy. The discussion
is organized into three major sections. The first section
elaborates the critique of subjective indicators. The
second section reviews these arguments, comments on
their validity, and presents a more comprehensive
framework for understanding urban service delivery
issues and problems. The final section briefly summarizes
the advantagesa nd disadvantageso f subjectivei ndicators
and explains how local government officials
may use these measures in a new approach to service
delivery-coproduction of municipal services.
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