中国和美国家庭教育方式的不同（英文）

American education system in the United States is the world's cause of education of the most developed countries in the world. American education system as early as the founding of beginning to take shape when, after 200 years of development and gradually perfect, Formation of the primary, secondary and tertiary institutions 3. More than half of American universities are private, because these universities, first by the Church and other religious groups founded, Although these schools are still with the church was inextricably linked, but they no longer mainly to a religious education. All 50 states, almost every state has at least one state government or local investors founded by public universities, Although the source of funding and Mody University different, but the structure and the curriculum does not have much difference. America's current institutions are largely overlapping part of Chinese gown, 2002, or four years of academic, as more than two-year technical colleges and community colleges. Is a link between the high school and the regular four-year university a bridge, primarily the United States needs the skills and expertise and low tuition. Regular four-year schools mainly Academy of Arts and Sciences, an independent professional colleges and universities. Representative of the United States in scientific research and teaching the highest level, and train large numbers of high-level professionals. In addition to teaching in these institutions, but also the United States government bears a large number of sophisticated research tasks. American teacher endowed institutions of higher learning, academic, Teachers should teach in a four-year schools of higher learning are required to obtain a doctorate, and the teaching methods and content meet professional needs. In the United States, the 18-year-old student graduates from high school entrance examination will not enter institutions of higher learning. more than 60% of high school graduates enter university for further studies. American College Credit System. Teachers at the beginning of each semester to students layout lot of reading programs and materials, training students learning and academic research capacity, Based on this fight for every Section 6 -18 credits, a four-year undergraduate degree to win, must be in accordance with the regulations Eng 120 ~ 128 credits, through written examinations and graduate theses, qualified only after obtaining a degree. American universities, the University after graduating with a bachelor degree to be eligible to study for a master's degree. 5 degree system using the system, namely :-degree, bachelor's, master's and doctoral, and first professional degree. With a master's degree is divided into two kinds : one must write a thesis not required to write theses However, a higher-credit requirement, but also for the oral and written. Master's degree is usually two academic school year, doctorate 2 -3 years. Doctoral students from several experts and professors of the steering group responsible for the guide, pass professional examinations doctoral thesis Office signed after obtaining a degree. American higher education schools through various channels for undergraduate various economic assistance, such as scholarships, grants, their long-term low-interest loans, short-term loans and long-term external low-interest loans, federal work-study program outside schools and working part-time jobs. American education is the first church and private schools after public schools, Therefore, the traditional education system is decentralized system, and both the public and private system of the founding of the United States Constitution, the federal government has no right to interfere in states of the North-South education .1865 years after the end of civil war in the United States is beginning to set up a central leadership education the need for institutionalization. In 1868 the Ministry of the Interior will set up a Department of education, it is only rarely manage federal education funding State schools to provide help and advice, It was not until 1979 before the formal establishment of the Federal Ministry of Education. states of the Board of Education and the subordinate local school district, with the primary school district remains were master of education around the major political, development programs, allocation of funds and other powers. But federal education funding because of the increase since 1958, and several education Dafa (eg "Law on National Defense Education Act of primary and secondary education gifted education; Adult Education Act; etc.) The promulgation and implementation so that the central government's education policy is gradually infiltrated into the state and localities. National right to impose strong impact. education is to target the entire population, and relate to each family and personal future, Therefore, education is state affairs, but also state and local governments and community groups, a major event that all of us human, material and financial resources energy invested in education so as to form a multi-track system of education, mobilize various education in the enthusiasm, use of the market economy laws, "all three" (universal, comprehensive, full) education, This is the American education system the best characteristics. This is better than simply relying on government-funded (monorail system) school, according to plan economic laws get a higher education efficiency and good results. The United States in many social groups (religious, labor unions, Enterprises), and educational organizations (Education Foundation, the Association, the study) to the United States to promote the education reform played a huge role, Catholicism, Carnegie, Ford, Rockefeller Foundation, its abundant capital and strong public opinion to promote the education of the experiment, education reform, research and the creation of new professional, advanced experiences, educational purposes and policy proposals. its influence and potential often exceed government departments. American education is a multi-culture education in the national policy. Multicultural education is a multi-ethnic immigrants to integrate into American culture of the main ways the biggest. "naturalized" is dominant to the culture of oppression, eliminate or other mixed culture. and "pluralistic culture," which is a country of cultural acceptance for a variety of characteristics. independent components, on the basis of equality and complementarity agree. American education is the high level decision in the United States the world's leading technology to spaces. As the Americans see it, everyone has the right to education. United States law provides children 6 to 16 years of age must attend school. American public schools by the government tax support, the students free admission; Private schools more support from the church. American schools by age is divided into the following four categories : 1. Primary schools : grades 1-6 (6-12 years old) 2. junior high :7-8 grade (13-14 years old) 3. Secondary : 9-12 grade (15-18 years old) 4. University (College) : Most of the four-year (over 18 years old), Another "The Institute" or "college" to university graduate students engaged in research established. American University is currently the associate degree, bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree system, on behalf of the two undergraduate and postgraduate education category four different academic standards. As associate degree just finished his two-year junior or community college certification first degree is not an inevitable stage, the United States places the system is basically the three level structure. Degree by nature, is usually divided into academic (research) degree and professional (specialist) degree two. In addition, American University also awarded honorary degrees, which does not reflect the degree of academic achievement, but right to an outstanding contributor to social recognition. American University habits are divided into the following three categories : two-year colleges, also known as junior or technical colleges, most of the public, Most of the local communities have organized, it is commonly referred to as the community colleges. Community College to provide the courses are of two kinds : one for the transitional humanities courses, which is equivalent to a four-year university for the first two years. Xi Bi students into four-year university to continue their education; Another termination of vocational and technical courses, graduates direct employment. Community College is a degree from associate degree. Community College enrollment for a simple, open-age, is not required to pass entrance examinations; Flexible learning time, a full-day, half-day weekend, evening courses are more choices, there is the creation of the cold summer holiday classes; As for the shorter, low fees and but also against the region need to create programs to facilitate employment, therefore increasing the community's favor. Four-year college, generally there are two types : one is the Academy of Arts and Sciences or the Academy of Sciences. Basic courses including human Literature (language, literature, philosophy, art, music, cultural history, etc.), social and behavioral sciences (history, geography, economic, political, sociology, anthropology, psychology, etc.) and natural sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, etc.) areas. Others are independent specialist colleges, such as machinery Institute, School of Architecture, Engineering, College of Music Teachers College, mainly provided specialist vocational education. These two types of institution general structure of four years. Academy of Arts and Sciences, Culture awarded to the graduates of the most common is the degree Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science, Academy were awarded professional degree. Comprehensive University, the University of integrated large-scale, complex organizations, teacher enrichment, complete facilities, generally includes a College of Arts and Science at the core of the Institute, a degree course in addition to the usual arts and sciences courses, There engineering and technology, business, international issues, health, education, agriculture, home economics, architecture, communication, journalism, library science, hotel management, and so on. Most comprehensive university focus on research, not only has the most advanced equipment available, strong research institutions, have to have a community college and transfer of teaching and research talent of a dual mission of the Graduate School, These universities also known as the Research University. In addition, many comprehensive universities there are a number of senior professional colleges, such as the Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Management, and so on. Enter these professional institute and often requires a four-year university degrees, the structure is usually 3 to 4 years, the high cost of a long time. Comprehensive university awarding bachelor's, master's and doctorate degree three species.