抢先看题,适当记题,听之有标,做之有本,词词逼近,句句跟上,化单为整,这些都是听力成功之关键原则. 1、抢先看题,适当记题.要充分利用试卷分发后到播放试音乐曲和试音材料前的一段时间,做到对听力题有一个总体把握,对题型、题量心中有数.特别是在浏览试题时,要留意对话或短文中可能会涉及到的地址、年、月、日、价格、数字、年龄等.听力测试的对话或短文的测试点一般都集中在一些主要信息上, 如人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、方向(direction)、原因(why)、方式(how)、程度(how long,how soon,how much)、数字(how many ／how much)、选择(which)、人物的职业(career)、身份(profession)和目的(purpose)等等.而试卷上的选择项往往有许多基本相同或近似的部分,所以,此时考生可把注意力集中在选项中不同甚至相矛盾的地方,以便迅速对录音原文做出准确推断. 例如：What kind of room does the man want to take?(NMET2006,8) A. A single room. B. A double room． C. A room for three． 分析：从上述选项中可以看出,重点应放在single、double、three 三词上.听时应注意材料中的数字. 如果选项中句子较长,应采取快速跳读的方式,分两步处理.第一步,整体看,以发现其共同成分；第二步,跳读,着重看区别,做到心中有数,抓住重要信息提示.例如：Why did the mother pretend not to knowthe baby? (NMET2006,20) A. She got angry with the father. B. She was frightened by the noise． C. She felt uneasy about the noisy baby． 分析：应着重听原因,重点放在angry和father,frightened和noise, uneasy和baby几个词上.从选项所透露的线索中,我们还可得出录音原文的大致内容和所涉及的话题等等. 2、利用听力试音时间认真读题并适应语音、语调. 3、在放正式的听力材料时,集中精力,细心听题,较短的对话应尽量立即作答,较长的段子应用简单符号记下要点. 在听对话理解时,要善于捕捉信号词,以利于理解所听内容.如表示思路转折的but、however、yet、although等；表示顺序的first、second、then、next、last、finally、before、after等；表示原因和结果的because、as、for、since、now that、so、as a result 等；表示强调的anyway、indeed、in fact 等；因为它们往往提示了问题的答案. 听短文时,要尽量整体理解其中心内容,即“抓关键,听要点”.绝不能孤立地一个词一个词去听,要一句一句地连续听完,从整体上去理解,不要对某个词或某个句子“钻牛角尖”.注意听好首句或首段,边听边记下重要信息.俗话说：好记性不如烂笔头.记的方法应尽可能用最简略的形式,用自己认识的任何符号、字母、缩写,甚至中文,只要自己懂就行.但最好能用固定的符号,形成习惯. 4、根据常识、笔记和记忆,迅速检查答案,不要留到最后来检查,那时记忆就已经模糊了.切勿轻易改动所选之项.在某一段材料或其中某一部分,难以确定答案时,考生要在所听信息的基础上,排除错误选项,进行优化处理,相信第一感觉.一定要克服犹豫不决、优柔寡断的毛病,以使整个答题过程更加顺畅.因为录音好似一阵风,放过之后,你对材料的把握已经“时过境迁”. 常见题型和应对策略 高考听力最常见的莫过于事实细节题和推理判断题.我们以2006年高考英语全国卷的一段听力材料为例,来分析一下这两种题的解题方法.听第10 段材料,回答第17 至20 题(NMET2006). 17. What is the first word the baby tried to say? A. Truck. B. Ok. C. Duck. 18. How old was the baby when he learned to say thatword correctly? A. About 18 months. B. About 21 months.C. About 24 months. 19. What did the father do when the baby screamed that word at the airport? A. He corrected the baby. B. He tried to stop the baby. C. He hid himself somewhere. 20. Why did the mother pretend not to know the baby? A. She got angry with the father. B. She was frightened by the noise. C. She felt uneasy about the noisy baby. 录音原文： W: There are many interesting stories about how a baby learns to say its first word.Now, Mark, would you like to share your story with us? M: Ok, here is my story. I was about eighteen months old, I think. And I just started tosay my first word. Every time a truck went by I would shout a word that sounded like "truck".But to everyone else it sounded nothing like it. My parents tried to correct me but failed. Thenabout three months later, we traveled to New York. As we were waiting for our plane at theairport, I looked out a huge window. At that very moment I saw the largest truck in the world. I had to tell someoneabout this. I turned to my father, who was standing next to about a thousand people waiting for various flights andscreamed, "truck, truck!" My father tried hard to shut me up but I was so excited I kept screaming my special word.My poor mother decided she didn't know this baby and ran into the lady's room where she hid until I finally stopped.Well, I learned how to say "truck" correctly. However, my parents will never forget the very first word I producedin my life. 分析： 17. A.通过预先浏览问题和选项就可以断定这是道事实细节题.本段材料虽属对话,但只是在最前面加上了女士引导性的话,更多的是男士的叙述,所以设题都在男士所讲的话之中.本题难度设置不大,“truck” 一词在文中反复出现,所以选对答案应该不困难. 18. B.推理判断题.浏览问题和选项时可知,应留意材料中的时间词.解题时还要注意看清楚题目所问,关键词是“correctly”.男士用很清晰的声音读出了“eighteenmonths old”,而且还用了“startedto say my first word”这种描述,很像是正确答案,但是只是个“start”,还不能说是“correctly”,所以在中间部分叙述了一次候机时所发生的事,从而导致我“say 'truck'correctly”,而这件事的发生时间是“Then about three months later”,经过换算得出“21个月”这一答案. 19. B.事实细节题.本题答案来源处容易听到,但难点在于理解.当听到我的喊叫,父亲做的是 triedhard to shut me up,“shut up”此处是“使..闭嘴”之意. 20. C.推理判断题.本题有难度,需要考生在听懂男士说话的基础上,进行合理的推断.叙述中孩子小时候不太懂事,见到飞机说是“truck”,父亲阻止无用,母亲也感到很不好意思(uneasy),所以她采用了ran into the lady's room的方法,假装不认识这个baby. 通常来说,高考听力题很少出现生词,但听的时候听不出或听不清个别单词的现象是常有的.事实上,力图听懂每一个词语或句子,有相当的难度,完全没有必要.一篇听力材料并非每个词或每个句子都提供同等价值的信息,如听报告或讲座,这一特点就更为明显了.因此,必须培养跳过难点,从上下文判断意思,在听的过程中,去领会说话者的态度,掌握主要信息的能力.
