英语翻译For genetic markers to be useful in gene mapping studies

英语翻译
For genetic markers to be useful in gene mapping studies their location in the genome
must be known.This allows markers to be selected covering the whole genome
evenly,or to be concentrated on targeted regions.The relation between the markers
also has to be known to localize the QTL identified to chromosomal regions.Over
the past decade,genetic and physical maps have been developed for the genomes
of all the major domestic species.Two types of genome maps exist:genetic and
physical maps.Genetic maps are created by determining the linkage between markers
from their inheritance in families(Barendse et al.1997;Bishop et al.1994;Georges
et al.1995).These genetic maps were initially composed predominantly from mic-
rosatellite markers,but more recently genes and expressed sequence tags(ESTs)
have been added to the maps.The genetic map of the cow now contains more than
3,800 markers(Ihara et al.2004).These genetic maps have been used to select
markers distributed across the whole genome to track inheritance of regions of
chromosomes through generations in families segregating for the traits of interest
in QTL mapping studies.
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