问题描述：
谁能给个关于英文发音规律的列表
比如
stl- 中t不发音 hustle,castle.
s- 后发浊辅音 star,scar.
leo- 中o不发音 leopard.
另外为什么反义词中有的是ir,in,un等,有什么区别或规律吗?
比如
stl- 中t不发音 hustle,castle.
s- 后发浊辅音 star,scar.
leo- 中o不发音 leopard.
另外为什么反义词中有的是ir,in,un等,有什么区别或规律吗?
问题解答：
我来补答
1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）.从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节.
2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节.
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节.
例如：长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02
3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 0-03
4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 0-04
5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如：bag egg fish not cup 0-05
6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节.
例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读.双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变.例如：
a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 0-06
7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 1-01
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 1-03
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06
o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe home no 1-07
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如：June blue ruler super 1-11
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a [] China another woman breakfast 2-01
[i] orange comrade village cabbage 2-02
e [] hundred student open moment 2-03
[i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04
i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05
[ai] exercise satellite 2-06
o [] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07
[u] also zero photo 2-08
u [] autumn difficult 2-09
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如：operate 2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如：July influence February issue 2-12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音.
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
编 号
a在[w]音后面
[]
want what watch wash quality
3-01
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[α:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
3-02
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
3-03
o在-st -ld前
[ou]
most postcard old cold
3-04
o在m n v th前
[]
come monkey love mother
3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ar
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01
[:] warm quarter towards 4-02
or
or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short 4-03
[:] word worker worse 4-04
er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如： carry berry mirror sorry hurry
4-06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
are [ε] care dare hare 5-01
ere [i] here mere 5-02
ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03
ore [:] more score before 5-04
ure [ju] pure cure 5-05
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如：picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如：salary 5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.
例如：parent zero inspiring story during
5-07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit 5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play 6-01
air [ε] air hair chair pair repair 6-02
al
al在f m前
[:] small ball talk wall all 6-03
[:l] always also salt almost 6-04
[α:] half calm 6-05
au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07
[e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08
[ei] break great 6-09
ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6-10
[ε] bear pear wear swear 6-11
[:] earth learn early 6-12
ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13
eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper 6-16
[u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize 6-18
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19
oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20
oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-21
oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6-22
[u] book look cook foot good 6-23
ou/ow [au] flower house count down 6-24
[u] know row throw though 6-25
[] young country enough 6-26
[u:] group you soup through 6-27
our [:] course your four 6-28
[au] our hour ours 6-29
[:] journey 6-30
ui
ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6-31
[u:] juice fruit suit 6-32
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
b [b] bike bus bag 9-01
[/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02
c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03
[s] face decide cinema 9-04
ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05
[k] school headache chemistry 9-06
[] machine Chicago
9-07
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08
d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09
-dge [] bridge fridge 9-10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11
f [f] five four breakfast 9-12
g
g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13
[] orange large German 9-14
-gh
gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15
[] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16
gu- -gue [] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17
[w] language anguish penguin 9-18
h [h] hot head house hand 9-19
[/] hour honest honor 9-20
j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21
k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22
kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23
l [l] life milk school tall 9-24
m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25
-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26
n
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27
[?] uncle thank hungry 9-28
-ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30
ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31
-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32
qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33
r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35
[z] music husband 9-36
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37
[s] muscle science 9-38
sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40
[] patient nation 9-41
tch
[] watch catch match 9-42
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[θ] thin thirty method 9-43
[ð] the these with than 9-44
[ð] clothe father weather 9-45
tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46
v [v] very voice love leave 9-47
w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48
[/] answer two 9-49
wh-
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-50
[h] who whose whole 9-51
x
在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52
[gz] example exist exact 9-53
wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54
y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56
2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节.
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节.
例如：长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02
3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 0-03
4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 0-04
5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如：bag egg fish not cup 0-05
6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节.
例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读.双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变.例如：
a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 0-06
7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 1-01
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 1-03
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06
o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe home no 1-07
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如：June blue ruler super 1-11
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a [] China another woman breakfast 2-01
[i] orange comrade village cabbage 2-02
e [] hundred student open moment 2-03
[i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04
i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05
[ai] exercise satellite 2-06
o [] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07
[u] also zero photo 2-08
u [] autumn difficult 2-09
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如：operate 2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如：July influence February issue 2-12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音.
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
编 号
a在[w]音后面
[]
want what watch wash quality
3-01
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[α:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
3-02
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
3-03
o在-st -ld前
[ou]
most postcard old cold
3-04
o在m n v th前
[]
come monkey love mother
3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ar
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01
[:] warm quarter towards 4-02
or
or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short 4-03
[:] word worker worse 4-04
er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如： carry berry mirror sorry hurry
4-06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如：dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
are [ε] care dare hare 5-01
ere [i] here mere 5-02
ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03
ore [:] more score before 5-04
ure [ju] pure cure 5-05
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如：picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如：salary 5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.
例如：parent zero inspiring story during
5-07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如：orange very American paragraph forest spirit 5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play 6-01
air [ε] air hair chair pair repair 6-02
al
al在f m前
[:] small ball talk wall all 6-03
[:l] always also salt almost 6-04
[α:] half calm 6-05
au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07
[e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08
[ei] break great 6-09
ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6-10
[ε] bear pear wear swear 6-11
[:] earth learn early 6-12
ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13
eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper 6-16
[u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize 6-18
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19
oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20
oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-21
oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6-22
[u] book look cook foot good 6-23
ou/ow [au] flower house count down 6-24
[u] know row throw though 6-25
[] young country enough 6-26
[u:] group you soup through 6-27
our [:] course your four 6-28
[au] our hour ours 6-29
[:] journey 6-30
ui
ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6-31
[u:] juice fruit suit 6-32
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
b [b] bike bus bag 9-01
[/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02
c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03
[s] face decide cinema 9-04
ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05
[k] school headache chemistry 9-06
[] machine Chicago
9-07
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08
d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09
-dge [] bridge fridge 9-10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11
f [f] five four breakfast 9-12
g
g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13
[] orange large German 9-14
-gh
gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15
[] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16
gu- -gue [] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17
[w] language anguish penguin 9-18
h [h] hot head house hand 9-19
[/] hour honest honor 9-20
j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21
k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22
kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23
l [l] life milk school tall 9-24
m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25
-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26
n
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27
[?] uncle thank hungry 9-28
-ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30
ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31
-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32
qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33
r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35
[z] music husband 9-36
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37
[s] muscle science 9-38
sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40
[] patient nation 9-41
tch
[] watch catch match 9-42
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[θ] thin thirty method 9-43
[ð] the these with than 9-44
[ð] clothe father weather 9-45
tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46
v [v] very voice love leave 9-47
w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48
[/] answer two 9-49
wh-
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-50
[h] who whose whole 9-51
x
在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52
[gz] example exist exact 9-53
wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54
y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56
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