问题描述：
现在分词做原因状语
没有人告诉他什么时候出发,所以他来晚了.
Not having been told when to start,he came late.
可以改为
Not being told when to start,he came late.
问题解答：
我来补答
现在分词做原因状语 一般都是原因发生在前 所以应该用现在分词的完成形式
本句是现在分词的完成形式的被动形式作原因状语
一般没有现在分词的被动形式作原因状语除非表示正在发生的被动
所以Not having been told when to start,he came late.
不可以改为
Not being told when to start,he came late.本句有逻辑错误
如果改也应该是Not told when to start,he didn't come .
也可以改为Not knowing when to start,he came late
可视为伴随状语 虽然翻译时仍是原因状语
再问： 不知道何时开始也是原因，为什么不用Not having known when to start，he came late.
另外 Not told when to start，he didt come.这里told是过去分词做原因状语吗
再答： 纠正一下是Not knowing when to start，he didn't come.
Not told when to start，he didn't come.
其实 这两句是伴随情况 非说成原因也未尝不可
用Not having known when to start，he came late.也可以 这是原因状语
但与not knowing when to start，he didn't come.是不同的
该句 分词情况与谓语动词情况是同时存在的
否定句 可以视为 状态
