问题描述：
各国的文化(英语表述)
要详细一点,5到7个国家,一定英语!(有要是还可以加一点其他文化知识,次要)
要详细一点,5到7个国家,一定英语!(有要是还可以加一点其他文化知识,次要)
问题解答：
我来补答
瑞典传统的圣·露西亚节
Saint Lucia's Day is a Swedish traditional holiday.On December 13th,one of the shortest,darkest days in the long and cold winter,Sweden celebrates the holiday,in honor of Saint Lucia,the Queen of Lights.
圣·露西亚节是瑞典著名的传统节日,在每年12月13日——瑞典寒冷而漫长的冬天中白天最短、夜晚最长的一个日子里庆祝,用以纪念“光明女神”圣·露西亚.
On the day,girls in Sweden dress up as Santa Lucia wearing a white dress and a crown of candles. Boys carry a candle and wear a kind of white pyjama. They wear hats that are pointy with golden stars on them.
这天,瑞典的女孩子会打扮成圣·露西亚的模样——身穿白色长裙,头戴插有蜡烛的花冠.男孩子手拿蜡烛,穿着白色长袍,戴着画有金色星星的帽子.
In Sweden people do not wear candles anymore because before girls caught their hair on fire very often. Today they use modern candles with batteries in them.
如今,人们已经不再在花冠上点蜡烛,因为女孩子们的头发经常会被火烧着.现在,在瑞典,人们更多地开始使用装有电池的蜡烛.
After lunch most schools close on Santa Lucia day around noon. It is a national holiday of Sweden.In big cities in Sweden there are beauty contests where some women dress up as Santa Lucia and the judges and the people vote for the Santa Lucia of the year.There are also special foods for Lucia's Day like spicy gingerbread biscuits.In schools people sing Santa Lucia's song.
圣·露西亚节是瑞典全国性的节日.这天中午午饭之后,大部分学校都不再上课.瑞典一些大城市还会举行选美比赛,女人们装扮成圣·露西亚的样子,由评委和公众投票选出当年的“圣·露西亚”.这个节日也有其特色食物,如姜汁饼干.人们还在学校高唱《圣·露西亚之歌》.
As To Saint Lucia 关于圣·露西亚
Saint Lucia was a saint because of her kindness and her love. She was an Italian Christian who lived in Sicily in the 4th century. Some people believe she once visited Sweden.
圣·露西亚是一个以仁爱闻名的圣徒.公元4世纪时曾居住在西西里,是个意大利基督徒.有人说她曾去过瑞典.
The way she became a saint was that a man loved her but Lucia didn't like him. Lucia's mother asked her to marry the man but she refused,so the man said he would burn her.But Lucia prayed to God to have the power to survive the fire. Because of her kindness her wish was granted. The man then got a sword and stuck it into Lucia's throat.
圣·露西亚成为圣徒的过程有这样一个说法—一个男人爱上了圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚却并不爱他.她母亲要把她嫁给这个男人,她拒绝了.这个男人就要把她烧死.圣·露西亚向上帝祈祷,祈求上帝赐予她力量度过这一劫难.由于她的仁爱,祈祷应验了.圣·露西亚没被烧死,于是那个男人又拿出一把剑,刺进圣·露西亚的喉咙,杀死了她.
There is also another story for her being a saint which goes like this.
关于这个故事还有另一个版本的类似传说——
Saint Lucia was a very kind person and a man loved her very much but she didn't like him. The thing the man loved most about Saint Lucia was her eyes. Then she gave him her eyes. But a miracle happened,she grew back her eyes and this time they were even more beautiful than ever. The man asked for those eyes but she refused,so the man killed her with a knife into her heart.
圣·露西亚是一个很有爱心的姑娘,有个男人非常爱她,圣·露西亚却并不爱他.男人最爱的是圣·露西亚的眼睛,圣·露西亚就把她的眼睛给了他.然而奇迹发生了：圣·露西亚又长出了一双新的眼睛,比以前的眼睛更漂亮更迷人.男人还想要这双眼睛,圣·露西亚拒绝了.于是男人用一把刀子杀死了她.
Song for Santa Lucia
圣·露西亚之歌
The night goes with weighty step round yard and round earth. The sun's departure leaves the woods brooding. There in our dark house,appears with lighted candles Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia.
在农庄和村舍四周,黑夜拖着沉重的脚步走来,太阳已经落下,只剩下阴影笼罩.在我们昏暗的家中,她头顶光明的蜡烛站在那里.那就是圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚.
The night goes great and mute. Now one hears its wings in every silent room murmuring as if from wings. Look at our threshold. There she stands white-clad with lights in her hair Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia.
黑夜悄悄离去,寂静的房间里,可以听到它扇动翅膀的声音,就像来自天使翅膀振动的飒飒的声音.看啊,她正站在大门入口处,身穿白色长袍,头戴金色蜡烛花冠.那就是圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚.
The darkness shall soon depart from the earth's valleys thus she speaks a wonderful word to us.The day shall rise anew from the rosy sky. Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia.
黑暗很快就会过去,退出地球上的山谷、河流.她说,一个奇妙精彩的世界正展现在我们面前,太阳很快会从蔷薇色的天空中冉冉升起.那就是圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚.
Happy Saint Lucia's Day!
圣·露西亚节快乐!
万圣节的真相
Halloween is always celebrated on 31 October.
Halloween is one of the oldest celebrations in the world, dating back over 2000 years to the time of the Celts who lived in Britain
Halloween is also know by other names:
All Hallows Eve
Samhain
All Hallowtide
The Feast of the Dead
The Day of the Dead
Halloween in Welsh is 'Nos Calan Gaeaf'.
Halloween is correctly spelt as Hallowe'en.
When Christianity came to England and the rest of Europe, 1 November became All Saints Day - a day dedicated to all those saints who didn't have a special day of their own. They performed a mass called 'All hallows mass' and the night before became known as All Hallows E'en and eventually Hallowe'en or Halloween.
When the Romans conquered England, they merged Samhain with their own festivals, a harvest festival called Poloma, and a celebration for the dead called Feralia.
In Mexico, they celebrate El Dia de los Muertos or the Day of the Dead starting the evening of October 31.
It is thought that the colours orange and black became Halloween colours because orange is associated with harvests （Halloween marks the end of harvest） and black is associated with death.
Black cats were originally believed to protect witches' powers from negative forces.
A pumpkin is really a squash, and comes from the same family as the cucumber.
About 99% of pumpkins sold are used as Jack O' Lanterns at Halloween.
The biggest pumpkin in the world tipped the scales at a whopping 1,446 pounds. This gigantic gourd was weighed in October 2004 at a pumpkin festival in Port Elgin, Ontario, Canada.
The record for the fastest pumpkin carver in the world is Jerry Ayers of Baltimore, Ohio. He carved a pumpkin in just 37 seconds!
The very first jack o' lantern was made out of hollowed out turnips.
Ringing a bell scares evil spirits away.
If you see a spider on this night, it could be the spirit of a dead loved one who is watching you.
To meet a witch, put your clothes on inside out and walk backwards on Halloween night.
Top Tips for Halloween
If your pumpkin lanternshrivels up, you can restore it by soaking it overnight in water to re hydrateit.
帕丁顿熊50周年纪念
Paddington Bear, one of Britain's favourite children's fictional characters, is celebrating his 50th birthday this year. From his humble origins as a homeless immigrant at a London railway station, Paddington has gone on to sell over 30 million books in 30 different languages.
According to the first story, the bear was discovered at Paddington Station sitting on a battered suitcase bearing the label "Wanted on Voyage". There was a note attached to his coat which said "Please look after this bear". It transpires that Paddington Bear had been sent from the South American country of Peru by his aunt.
A family called the Browns were at the station to meet their daughter when they noticed Paddington. They decided to take him in. Because he didn't know how old he was, he decided to give himself two birthdays a year!
Paddington wears a distinctive outfit: a blue duffle coat and a shapeless hat; sometimes he's shown wearing Wellington boots, though this was a later addition to his attire. He also has a very special diet which consists mainly of marmalade sandwiches and cocoa.
Paddington Bear was the brainchild of Michael Bond, who came up with the character after seeing a teddy bear alone in a shop near Paddington Station. He felt sorry for it and bought the toy for his wife for Christmas and set about writing the first book. Many more stories followed as well as a TV series and a film, which is now in the pipeline.
Although he is just a children's character, Paddington Bear has recently attracted controversy. He appeared in advertisements eating sandwiches containing not marmalade but Marmite, a British sandwich spread made from yeast extract. Purists argue that Paddington would never eat anything other than marmalade sandwiches.
However, all arguments will be forgotten as fans get together to wish Paddington Bear a happy 50th birthday.
“神秘”的英国银行假期 Bank of England
Sometimes when we are in Britain, we see on the notices at the scenic spots' doors that the spots close on Bank Holidays and Public Holidays. We know what public holidays are. They are like our Chinese national holiday, New Year's Day, etc. But bank holidays are absolutely unique in Britain. What are they actually?
Bank holidays are holidays authorized by law. They can be known as public holidays, because employees don't need to work when these two holidays come. The name bank holiday means when banks close, there is no trading in the area, and people can have a rest.
Bank holidays were first introduced by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871. It designated different bank holidays for each part of Britain. Most of the holidays are the same, but we can still find out the difference.
There are 8 bank holidays in England and Wales:
New Year's Day
Easter Monday
Good Friday
Early May Bank Holiday
Spring Bank Holiday
Summer Bank holiday
Christmas Day
Boxing Day
Among these holidays, Good Friday and Christmas Day are traditional holidays; they are not specified by law but commonly recognized, therefore they were not included in the Act of 1871.
Scotland also has 8 bank holidays:
New Year's Day
2nd January
Good Friday
Early May Bank Holiday
Spring Bank Holiday
St Andrew's Day
Christmas Day
Boxing Day
2nd January was included to be an additional bank holiday in Scotland In 1973. It was according to the 1971 Act. We say the 1971 Act instead of the Act of 1871, because the latter one was repealed 100 years later. Yet, its provisions wereincorporated into the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971. The new Act remains the statutory basis for bank holidays. Since then, when government creates a new bank holiday, the 1971 Act should be taken into consideration.
Northern Ireland has 9 bank holidays:
New Year's Day
St Patrick's Day
Good Friday
Early May Bank Holiday
Spring Bank Holiday
Battle of the Boyne （Orangemen's Day）
Summer Bank holiday
Christmas Day
Boxing Day
St Patrick's Day （17 March） is appointed by a special Act of Parliament in 1903, while Battle of Boyne （12 July） is by the Governor of Northern Ireland in 1926. Even though England celebrates St Patrick's Day, they do not have a bank holiday on that date.
The above mentioned holidays do not fall to the same date each year. If one of the bank holidays is happened to be on a weekend, it's then changed to another day. Normally, there are several dates in lieu of the original fixed dates. British tend to spend bank holidays and public holidays respectively,
You may ask is there any difference between bank holidays and public holidays? Yes, bank holidays are legally appointed; while public holidays are customary holidays. However, British people just spend these two types of holidays as the same.
Customary, on bank holidays, banks, shops, museums and other places of interests do not open. But as the economic activities increasingly connect people's daily life and national affairs, some banks and shops still open to business on bank holidays. But Christmas Day is of course the exemption.
When we plan to travel to Britain, if in case of unexpected troubles we may have to plan our journey in the consideration of bank holidays!
Saint Lucia's Day is a Swedish traditional holiday.On December 13th,one of the shortest,darkest days in the long and cold winter,Sweden celebrates the holiday,in honor of Saint Lucia,the Queen of Lights.
圣·露西亚节是瑞典著名的传统节日,在每年12月13日——瑞典寒冷而漫长的冬天中白天最短、夜晚最长的一个日子里庆祝,用以纪念“光明女神”圣·露西亚.
On the day,girls in Sweden dress up as Santa Lucia wearing a white dress and a crown of candles. Boys carry a candle and wear a kind of white pyjama. They wear hats that are pointy with golden stars on them.
这天,瑞典的女孩子会打扮成圣·露西亚的模样——身穿白色长裙,头戴插有蜡烛的花冠.男孩子手拿蜡烛,穿着白色长袍,戴着画有金色星星的帽子.
In Sweden people do not wear candles anymore because before girls caught their hair on fire very often. Today they use modern candles with batteries in them.
如今,人们已经不再在花冠上点蜡烛,因为女孩子们的头发经常会被火烧着.现在,在瑞典,人们更多地开始使用装有电池的蜡烛.
After lunch most schools close on Santa Lucia day around noon. It is a national holiday of Sweden.In big cities in Sweden there are beauty contests where some women dress up as Santa Lucia and the judges and the people vote for the Santa Lucia of the year.There are also special foods for Lucia's Day like spicy gingerbread biscuits.In schools people sing Santa Lucia's song.
圣·露西亚节是瑞典全国性的节日.这天中午午饭之后,大部分学校都不再上课.瑞典一些大城市还会举行选美比赛,女人们装扮成圣·露西亚的样子,由评委和公众投票选出当年的“圣·露西亚”.这个节日也有其特色食物,如姜汁饼干.人们还在学校高唱《圣·露西亚之歌》.
As To Saint Lucia 关于圣·露西亚
Saint Lucia was a saint because of her kindness and her love. She was an Italian Christian who lived in Sicily in the 4th century. Some people believe she once visited Sweden.
圣·露西亚是一个以仁爱闻名的圣徒.公元4世纪时曾居住在西西里,是个意大利基督徒.有人说她曾去过瑞典.
The way she became a saint was that a man loved her but Lucia didn't like him. Lucia's mother asked her to marry the man but she refused,so the man said he would burn her.But Lucia prayed to God to have the power to survive the fire. Because of her kindness her wish was granted. The man then got a sword and stuck it into Lucia's throat.
圣·露西亚成为圣徒的过程有这样一个说法—一个男人爱上了圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚却并不爱他.她母亲要把她嫁给这个男人,她拒绝了.这个男人就要把她烧死.圣·露西亚向上帝祈祷,祈求上帝赐予她力量度过这一劫难.由于她的仁爱,祈祷应验了.圣·露西亚没被烧死,于是那个男人又拿出一把剑,刺进圣·露西亚的喉咙,杀死了她.
There is also another story for her being a saint which goes like this.
关于这个故事还有另一个版本的类似传说——
Saint Lucia was a very kind person and a man loved her very much but she didn't like him. The thing the man loved most about Saint Lucia was her eyes. Then she gave him her eyes. But a miracle happened,she grew back her eyes and this time they were even more beautiful than ever. The man asked for those eyes but she refused,so the man killed her with a knife into her heart.
圣·露西亚是一个很有爱心的姑娘,有个男人非常爱她,圣·露西亚却并不爱他.男人最爱的是圣·露西亚的眼睛,圣·露西亚就把她的眼睛给了他.然而奇迹发生了：圣·露西亚又长出了一双新的眼睛,比以前的眼睛更漂亮更迷人.男人还想要这双眼睛,圣·露西亚拒绝了.于是男人用一把刀子杀死了她.
Song for Santa Lucia
圣·露西亚之歌
The night goes with weighty step round yard and round earth. The sun's departure leaves the woods brooding. There in our dark house,appears with lighted candles Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia.
在农庄和村舍四周,黑夜拖着沉重的脚步走来,太阳已经落下,只剩下阴影笼罩.在我们昏暗的家中,她头顶光明的蜡烛站在那里.那就是圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚.
The night goes great and mute. Now one hears its wings in every silent room murmuring as if from wings. Look at our threshold. There she stands white-clad with lights in her hair Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia.
黑夜悄悄离去,寂静的房间里,可以听到它扇动翅膀的声音,就像来自天使翅膀振动的飒飒的声音.看啊,她正站在大门入口处,身穿白色长袍,头戴金色蜡烛花冠.那就是圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚.
The darkness shall soon depart from the earth's valleys thus she speaks a wonderful word to us.The day shall rise anew from the rosy sky. Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia.
黑暗很快就会过去,退出地球上的山谷、河流.她说,一个奇妙精彩的世界正展现在我们面前,太阳很快会从蔷薇色的天空中冉冉升起.那就是圣·露西亚,圣·露西亚.
Happy Saint Lucia's Day!
圣·露西亚节快乐!
万圣节的真相
Halloween is always celebrated on 31 October.
Halloween is one of the oldest celebrations in the world, dating back over 2000 years to the time of the Celts who lived in Britain
Halloween is also know by other names:
All Hallows Eve
Samhain
All Hallowtide
The Feast of the Dead
The Day of the Dead
Halloween in Welsh is 'Nos Calan Gaeaf'.
Halloween is correctly spelt as Hallowe'en.
When Christianity came to England and the rest of Europe, 1 November became All Saints Day - a day dedicated to all those saints who didn't have a special day of their own. They performed a mass called 'All hallows mass' and the night before became known as All Hallows E'en and eventually Hallowe'en or Halloween.
When the Romans conquered England, they merged Samhain with their own festivals, a harvest festival called Poloma, and a celebration for the dead called Feralia.
In Mexico, they celebrate El Dia de los Muertos or the Day of the Dead starting the evening of October 31.
It is thought that the colours orange and black became Halloween colours because orange is associated with harvests （Halloween marks the end of harvest） and black is associated with death.
Black cats were originally believed to protect witches' powers from negative forces.
A pumpkin is really a squash, and comes from the same family as the cucumber.
About 99% of pumpkins sold are used as Jack O' Lanterns at Halloween.
The biggest pumpkin in the world tipped the scales at a whopping 1,446 pounds. This gigantic gourd was weighed in October 2004 at a pumpkin festival in Port Elgin, Ontario, Canada.
The record for the fastest pumpkin carver in the world is Jerry Ayers of Baltimore, Ohio. He carved a pumpkin in just 37 seconds!
The very first jack o' lantern was made out of hollowed out turnips.
Ringing a bell scares evil spirits away.
If you see a spider on this night, it could be the spirit of a dead loved one who is watching you.
To meet a witch, put your clothes on inside out and walk backwards on Halloween night.
Top Tips for Halloween
If your pumpkin lanternshrivels up, you can restore it by soaking it overnight in water to re hydrateit.
帕丁顿熊50周年纪念
Paddington Bear, one of Britain's favourite children's fictional characters, is celebrating his 50th birthday this year. From his humble origins as a homeless immigrant at a London railway station, Paddington has gone on to sell over 30 million books in 30 different languages.
According to the first story, the bear was discovered at Paddington Station sitting on a battered suitcase bearing the label "Wanted on Voyage". There was a note attached to his coat which said "Please look after this bear". It transpires that Paddington Bear had been sent from the South American country of Peru by his aunt.
A family called the Browns were at the station to meet their daughter when they noticed Paddington. They decided to take him in. Because he didn't know how old he was, he decided to give himself two birthdays a year!
Paddington wears a distinctive outfit: a blue duffle coat and a shapeless hat; sometimes he's shown wearing Wellington boots, though this was a later addition to his attire. He also has a very special diet which consists mainly of marmalade sandwiches and cocoa.
Paddington Bear was the brainchild of Michael Bond, who came up with the character after seeing a teddy bear alone in a shop near Paddington Station. He felt sorry for it and bought the toy for his wife for Christmas and set about writing the first book. Many more stories followed as well as a TV series and a film, which is now in the pipeline.
Although he is just a children's character, Paddington Bear has recently attracted controversy. He appeared in advertisements eating sandwiches containing not marmalade but Marmite, a British sandwich spread made from yeast extract. Purists argue that Paddington would never eat anything other than marmalade sandwiches.
However, all arguments will be forgotten as fans get together to wish Paddington Bear a happy 50th birthday.
“神秘”的英国银行假期 Bank of England
Sometimes when we are in Britain, we see on the notices at the scenic spots' doors that the spots close on Bank Holidays and Public Holidays. We know what public holidays are. They are like our Chinese national holiday, New Year's Day, etc. But bank holidays are absolutely unique in Britain. What are they actually?
Bank holidays are holidays authorized by law. They can be known as public holidays, because employees don't need to work when these two holidays come. The name bank holiday means when banks close, there is no trading in the area, and people can have a rest.
Bank holidays were first introduced by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871. It designated different bank holidays for each part of Britain. Most of the holidays are the same, but we can still find out the difference.
There are 8 bank holidays in England and Wales:
New Year's Day
Easter Monday
Good Friday
Early May Bank Holiday
Spring Bank Holiday
Summer Bank holiday
Christmas Day
Boxing Day
Among these holidays, Good Friday and Christmas Day are traditional holidays; they are not specified by law but commonly recognized, therefore they were not included in the Act of 1871.
Scotland also has 8 bank holidays:
New Year's Day
2nd January
Good Friday
Early May Bank Holiday
Spring Bank Holiday
St Andrew's Day
Christmas Day
Boxing Day
2nd January was included to be an additional bank holiday in Scotland In 1973. It was according to the 1971 Act. We say the 1971 Act instead of the Act of 1871, because the latter one was repealed 100 years later. Yet, its provisions wereincorporated into the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971. The new Act remains the statutory basis for bank holidays. Since then, when government creates a new bank holiday, the 1971 Act should be taken into consideration.
Northern Ireland has 9 bank holidays:
New Year's Day
St Patrick's Day
Good Friday
Early May Bank Holiday
Spring Bank Holiday
Battle of the Boyne （Orangemen's Day）
Summer Bank holiday
Christmas Day
Boxing Day
St Patrick's Day （17 March） is appointed by a special Act of Parliament in 1903, while Battle of Boyne （12 July） is by the Governor of Northern Ireland in 1926. Even though England celebrates St Patrick's Day, they do not have a bank holiday on that date.
The above mentioned holidays do not fall to the same date each year. If one of the bank holidays is happened to be on a weekend, it's then changed to another day. Normally, there are several dates in lieu of the original fixed dates. British tend to spend bank holidays and public holidays respectively,
You may ask is there any difference between bank holidays and public holidays? Yes, bank holidays are legally appointed; while public holidays are customary holidays. However, British people just spend these two types of holidays as the same.
Customary, on bank holidays, banks, shops, museums and other places of interests do not open. But as the economic activities increasingly connect people's daily life and national affairs, some banks and shops still open to business on bank holidays. But Christmas Day is of course the exemption.
When we plan to travel to Britain, if in case of unexpected troubles we may have to plan our journey in the consideration of bank holidays!
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