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The strong thermal gradients present during laser heating, along with the fact that the two
materials usually have different coefficients of thermal expansion, leads to the generation of
thermal stresses. Since the yield (flow) stress of the material decreases, in general, with
temperature, inelastic deformation will most likely take place. Thus, when the thermal loading is
removed, residual stresses remain in the material, concentrated mainly at the interface, which is
also the location where defects are more likely to be found (e.g., pores, cracks). A quantitative
understanding of these stresses, and how they depend on materials properties and (indirectly) on
the process parameters becomes very important.
Therefore, as several events are taking place, simultaneously, involving at least the fields of
Mass Transfer, Fluid Flow, Gas Dynamics, Phase Transformations, Deformation Mechanics and
Heat Transfer, it is important to develop mathematical models including these phenomena. In this
paper we will focus our attention in the latter two, as we will apply the Finite Element Method to
the determination of temperature and stress fields in a two-dimensional domain.
1.2 Modeling of laser cladding: previous efforts
Models of laser cladding developed so far have focused mainly on Heat Transfer, with a
few considering also Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow. Weerasinghe and Steen
The strong thermal gradients present during laser heating, along with the fact that the two
materials usually have different coefficients of thermal expansion, leads to the generation of
thermal stresses. Since the yield (flow) stress of the material decreases, in general, with
temperature, inelastic deformation will most likely take place. Thus, when the thermal loading is
removed, residual stresses remain in the material, concentrated mainly at the interface, which is
also the location where defects are more likely to be found (e.g., pores, cracks). A quantitative
understanding of these stresses, and how they depend on materials properties and (indirectly) on
the process parameters becomes very important.
Therefore, as several events are taking place, simultaneously, involving at least the fields of
Mass Transfer, Fluid Flow, Gas Dynamics, Phase Transformations, Deformation Mechanics and
Heat Transfer, it is important to develop mathematical models including these phenomena. In this
paper we will focus our attention in the latter two, as we will apply the Finite Element Method to
the determination of temperature and stress fields in a two-dimensional domain.
1.2 Modeling of laser cladding: previous efforts
Models of laser cladding developed so far have focused mainly on Heat Transfer, with a
few considering also Mass Transfer and Fluid Flow. Weerasinghe and Steen
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