问题描述：
初二英语新目标上学期语法要点
本人求初二英语新目标人民教育出版社的语法要点,还要大量的短语 ,至少让我期末考及格了
我汗，上课听的那些有记的就看。其他的全忘了
本人求初二英语新目标人民教育出版社的语法要点,还要大量的短语 ,至少让我期末考及格了
我汗，上课听的那些有记的就看。其他的全忘了
问题解答：
我来补答
初二英语语法知识重点总结
一、知识强化
1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型.
2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事,培养提高自己的交际能力.
3．正确使用should和ought to.
二、重难点知识讲解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编.
decide 动词,意为“决定”,常用结构：
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式 决定……
decide＋从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京.
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行.
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京.
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛.
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验.
（1）experience n. 经验；经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师.
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历.
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历.
（2）experience v. 体验；经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化.
3．Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）.
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”.
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验.
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者.
vote against 意为“投票反对”.
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利.
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是,乔伊斯主持会议.
take charge of意为“主管,主持；负责”.
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议?
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后,家务事全由她负责.
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差.
5．Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我.
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica.
辨析：other, the other, the others与another
（1）other表示“其他的”,表示泛指,没有特定的范围.
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人.(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意为“另一个”,一般用于两者之间.其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子,一个是士兵,另一个是工人.
注意：the other和other后均可加名词,但意思有所不同,“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部,而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部.
（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物.
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔,一支是长的,另外（两个）是短的.（代词）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个,意为“再一；又一”.
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分.
be responsible for意为“对……负责”.
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责.
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢?
辨析：pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物.
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租.
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款.
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心,我会给你付钱的.
（2）spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱.
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时.
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事.
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间.
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见的用法如下：
①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”.
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词.
（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：
①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”.
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.
②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”.
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车.
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦,我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”,强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成.
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来.
辨析：try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”,不一定付出很大努力.
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢,你可以试着看一下.
拓展：
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”.
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语.
②try on意为“试穿”.
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”.
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯.
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”.
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯.
He has habit of smoking during meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯.
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的,紧张的”,形容词作表语,可以与动词get/ feel,系动词be连用.
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你.
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张.
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上.
（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”.其中the可以用物主代词替换.如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时,则不用介词to.way为名词,意为“路；道路”,其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n. 或on one’s way＋adv.,意为“在去……的路上”.
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上,我看到一些美丽的花.
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任.
（2）return在句中意为“归还”,相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆.
12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独.
（1）辨析：lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词,表示“孤单的,孤独的,寂寞的”,在句中既可作表语,又可作定语.lonely修饰物时,意为“荒凉的”.
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后,他很孤独.
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村.
②alone作形容词时,意为“单独的,独自的；独一无二的”,通常只用作表语.用作副词,表示“独自地,单独地”之意,相当于by oneself.此外,alone用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有,唯有,仅仅”.
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事.
③lonely指人孤独寂寞,或指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的伤感色彩.alone表示“单独,独自一人”,不含感情色彩.
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活,但他并不感到孤独.
（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”,是完全否定.
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它（它们）.
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳.
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我.
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1．一般说来,两者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重.
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽.
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的.
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的.
2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时,一般应用ought to,若用should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法.
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽,但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should).
3．在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should.如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑.
一、知识强化
1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型.
2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事,培养提高自己的交际能力.
3．正确使用should和ought to.
二、重难点知识讲解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编.
decide 动词,意为“决定”,常用结构：
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式 决定……
decide＋从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京.
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行.
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京.
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛.
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验.
（1）experience n. 经验；经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师.
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历.
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历.
（2）experience v. 体验；经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化.
3．Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）.
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”.
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验.
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者.
vote against 意为“投票反对”.
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利.
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是,乔伊斯主持会议.
take charge of意为“主管,主持；负责”.
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议?
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后,家务事全由她负责.
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差.
5．Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我.
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica.
辨析：other, the other, the others与another
（1）other表示“其他的”,表示泛指,没有特定的范围.
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人.(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意为“另一个”,一般用于两者之间.其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子,一个是士兵,另一个是工人.
注意：the other和other后均可加名词,但意思有所不同,“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部,而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部.
（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物.
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔,一支是长的,另外（两个）是短的.（代词）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个,意为“再一；又一”.
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分.
be responsible for意为“对……负责”.
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责.
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢?
辨析：pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物.
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租.
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款.
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心,我会给你付钱的.
（2）spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱.
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时.
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事.
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间.
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见的用法如下：
①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”.
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词.
（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：
①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”.
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.
②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”.
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车.
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦,我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”,强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成.
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来.
辨析：try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”,不一定付出很大努力.
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢,你可以试着看一下.
拓展：
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”.
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语.
②try on意为“试穿”.
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”.
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯.
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”.
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯.
He has habit of smoking during meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯.
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的,紧张的”,形容词作表语,可以与动词get/ feel,系动词be连用.
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你.
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张.
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上.
（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”.其中the可以用物主代词替换.如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时,则不用介词to.way为名词,意为“路；道路”,其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n. 或on one’s way＋adv.,意为“在去……的路上”.
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上,我看到一些美丽的花.
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任.
（2）return在句中意为“归还”,相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆.
12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独.
（1）辨析：lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词,表示“孤单的,孤独的,寂寞的”,在句中既可作表语,又可作定语.lonely修饰物时,意为“荒凉的”.
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后,他很孤独.
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村.
②alone作形容词时,意为“单独的,独自的；独一无二的”,通常只用作表语.用作副词,表示“独自地,单独地”之意,相当于by oneself.此外,alone用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有,唯有,仅仅”.
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事.
③lonely指人孤独寂寞,或指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的伤感色彩.alone表示“单独,独自一人”,不含感情色彩.
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活,但他并不感到孤独.
（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”,是完全否定.
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它（它们）.
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳.
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我.
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1．一般说来,两者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重.
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽.
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的.
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的.
2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时,一般应用ought to,若用should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法.
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽,但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should).
3．在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should.如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑.
展开全文阅读