动名词与现在分词都是针对动词而言,其中动名词具有名词的特性,可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词可充当宾补,表语,定语和状语.
（1）动名词作宾语（特殊）
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit.
②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond of,be worth.
③介词后要接动名词.what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词.注意on / upon doing sth.= as soon as 引导的从中.作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词.如on his arrival….
（2）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语.
①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when,while等）
Hearing the good news,he jumped with great joy.
Not having finished her work in time,the boss fired her.
②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note
③伴随状语
The girls came in,following their parents.
④结果状语
The poor old man died,leaving nothing to his children.
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性.①时间性.与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done.②语态性.与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系.遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”.③人称一致性.分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
（3）现在分词作表语,S.+ be + 动词-ing表示主动,主语是物
（4）现在分词作宾补,S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事
