哪些单词是被动表主动的?请帮忙总结下,并注明用法.
主动表被动的单词: (1)wash(2)sell(3)burn(4)iron(5)clean(6)open(7)lock(8)read(9)write(10)wear(11)cook(12)tear(13)translate(14)cut(15)keep(16)strike(17)pull(18)act(19)last(20)feel
主动表示被动的几种情况:
1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态.
常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等.
This knife cuts well.这把刀好切.
These books sell well.这些书好卖.
The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅.
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久.
The cloth washes well.这种布好洗.
2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词.常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等.
The apples taste good.
The flower smells wonderful.
The news proved/turned out true
Cotton feels soft.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系.
常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等.
The problem is easy to do.
The question is difficult to answer.
The box is heavy to carry.
The project is impossible to complete in a year.
在英语学习中,有许多地方用主动表被动,这对许多中国学生来说是一个难点,常常让他们感到不好学,不好掌握,在此小结一下
1、 Need, want, require（要求,需要）, deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得）,not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动.
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读.
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了.
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了.
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义.
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情.（与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系）
Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间.（与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系）
He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭.（与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系）
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式.如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如
difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient（便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动.
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答.
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做.
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐.
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写.
4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动.下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁负责?
You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备.
The house is to let.此房出租.
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做.
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义.常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口.
6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词.常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动.例如:
The door won''t open.这门打不开.
It can''t move.它不能动.
7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词.例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销.
These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗.
The pen writes well. 这笔很好写.
8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动.
What is to do? 做什么?
Much is to do. 太多要做的事.
9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义.
There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干.
I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意.
