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英语翻译
New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These architects turned towards the past,quoting past aspects of various buildings and melding them together (even sometimes in an inharmonious manner) to create a new means of designing buildings.A vivid example of this new approach was that Postmodernism saw the comeback of pillars and other elements of premodern designs,sometimes adapting classical Greek and Roman examples (but not simply recreating them,as was done in neoclassical architecture).In Modernism,the pillar (as a design feature) was either replaced by other technological means such as cantilevers,or masked completely by curtain wall fa?ades.The revival of the pillar was an aesthetic,rather than a technological,necessity.Modernist high-rise buildings had become in most instances monolithic,rejecting the concept of a stack of varied design elements for a single vocabulary from ground level to the top,in the most extreme cases even using a constant "footprint" (with no tapering or "wedding cake" design),with the building sometimes even suggesting the possibility of a single metallic extrusion directly from the ground,mostly by eliminating visual horizontal elements — this was seen most strictly in Minoru Yamasaki's World Trade Center buildings.
Ancient ruyi symbol adorning Taipei 101 (Taiwan)
Another return was that of the “wit,ornament and reference” seen in older buildings in terra cotta decorative fa?ades and bronze or stainless steel embellishments of the Beaux-Arts and Art Deco periods.In Postmodern structures this was often achieved by placing contradictory quotes of previous building styles alongside each other,and even incorporating furniture stylistic references at a huge scale.Contextualism,a trend in thinking in the later parts of 20th Century,influences the ideologies of the Postmodern movement in general.Contextualism was centered on the belief that all knowledge is “context-sensitive”.This idea was even taken further to say that knowledge cannot be understood without considering its context.This influenced Postmodern Architecture to be sensitive to context as discussed below.
New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These architects turned towards the past,quoting past aspects of various buildings and melding them together (even sometimes in an inharmonious manner) to create a new means of designing buildings.A vivid example of this new approach was that Postmodernism saw the comeback of pillars and other elements of premodern designs,sometimes adapting classical Greek and Roman examples (but not simply recreating them,as was done in neoclassical architecture).In Modernism,the pillar (as a design feature) was either replaced by other technological means such as cantilevers,or masked completely by curtain wall fa?ades.The revival of the pillar was an aesthetic,rather than a technological,necessity.Modernist high-rise buildings had become in most instances monolithic,rejecting the concept of a stack of varied design elements for a single vocabulary from ground level to the top,in the most extreme cases even using a constant "footprint" (with no tapering or "wedding cake" design),with the building sometimes even suggesting the possibility of a single metallic extrusion directly from the ground,mostly by eliminating visual horizontal elements — this was seen most strictly in Minoru Yamasaki's World Trade Center buildings.
Ancient ruyi symbol adorning Taipei 101 (Taiwan)
Another return was that of the “wit,ornament and reference” seen in older buildings in terra cotta decorative fa?ades and bronze or stainless steel embellishments of the Beaux-Arts and Art Deco periods.In Postmodern structures this was often achieved by placing contradictory quotes of previous building styles alongside each other,and even incorporating furniture stylistic references at a huge scale.Contextualism,a trend in thinking in the later parts of 20th Century,influences the ideologies of the Postmodern movement in general.Contextualism was centered on the belief that all knowledge is “context-sensitive”.This idea was even taken further to say that knowledge cannot be understood without considering its context.This influenced Postmodern Architecture to be sensitive to context as discussed below.
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