问题描述：
怎样把握英语文章中时态的用法?写文章时时态老是把握不好.老是写原形,请问怎样才能把握好时态的用法!
问题解答：
我来补答
一.动词的五种形式的记忆与区别.
二.不同时态中的不同助动词的用法.
三.现在将来时的同义句型以及 shall 的用法.
四.现在完成时中的非延续性动词的用法.
五.不同时态在被动语态中的用法.
六.主从复合句中时态的前后呼应.
下面,我们就以上有关时态的诸多问题进行解释说明：
一.动词的五种形式：
因为动作发生的时间不同,所以运用不同的时态；时态的不同,又要用动词的不同形式来表达.英语中的动词被分为五种不同形式：
（1）动词原形：一般现在时,现在将来时,过去将来时
（2）动词第三人称单数：一般现在时
（3）动词现在分词：现在进行时,过去进行时,现在将来进行时,现在完成进行时
（4）动词过去式：一般过去时
（5）动词过去分词：现在完成时,过去完成时以及被动语态
下面是根据其使用频率所展示的不规则动词的五种形式：
原型 三单 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
be is being was,were been
have has having had had
get gets getting got got
do does doing did done
take takes taking took taken
eat eats eating ate eaten
study studies studying studied studied
watch watches watching watched watched
go goes going went gone
run runs running ran ran
come comes coming came come
see sees seeing saw seen
say says saying said said
tell tells telling told told
swim swims swimming swam swum
give gives giving gave given
meet meets meeting met met
buy buys buying bought bought
pay pays paying paid paid
let lets letting let let
spend spends spending spent spent
teach teaches teaching taught taught
think thinks thinking thought thought
make makes making made made
write writes writing wrote written
hear hears hearing heard heard
speak speaks speaking spoke spoken
read reads reading read read
know knows knowing knew known
drink drinks drinking drank drunk
bring brings bringing brought brought
stand stands standing stood stood
wash washes washing washed washed
find finds finding found found
worry worries worrying worried worried
begin begins beginning began begun
drive drives driving drove driven
draw draws drawing drew drawn
try tries trying tried tried
lend lends lending lent lent
sleep sleeps sleeping slept slept
arrive arrives arriving arrived arrived
live lives living lived lived
cut cuts cutting cut cut
put puts putting put put
keep keeps keeping kept kept
sweep sweeps sweeping swept swept
feel feels feeling felt felt
forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
build builds building built built
leave leaves leaving left left
use uses using used used
finish finishesfinishing finished finished
become becomes becoming became become
carry carries carrying carried carried
send sends sending sent sent
throw throws throwing threw thrown
break breaks breaking broke broken
finish finishes finishing finished finished
catch catches catching caught caught
sell sells selling sold sold
die dies dying died died
fly flies flying flew flown
change changes changing changed changed
cry cyies crying cried cried
grow grows growing grew grown
ring rings ringing rang rung
steal steals stealing stole stolen
marry marries marrying married married
rise rises rising rose risen
raise raises raising raised raised
lie lies lying laid lain
lie lies lying lied lied
fight fights fighting fought fought
burn burns burning burnt burnt
erase erases erasing erased erased
beat beats beating beat beaten
hit hits hitting hit hit
以上动词的五种形式,可以通过卡片记忆,每天忆诵,泛读巩固,习题演练等方式加强学习和记忆,并要在学习中增加灵活度.
二.不同时态中的不同的助动词：
英语学习中,必须系统地学习其助动词,特别是时态中的助动词.否则,英语句子的变化就会受到限制,就不会灵活起来.现在,我们来看一看都有哪些语法项目涉及到英语中的助动词,也即英语助动词的用法：
（1）.一般问句 Do you get up early ?
（2）.特殊问句 When do you get up ?
（3）.反义问句 You get up early,don't you?
（4）.否定句 You do not get up early.
（5）.倒装句 He gets up early,so do I.
（6）.同级类比 He gets up as early as I do.
（7）.比较级 He gets up earlier than I do.
（8）.强调句 I do get up early.
以上我们只是利用助动词 do 对其用法做了一下展示.由此及彼,其他时态的助动词也具备如同 do 一样的用法.这就需要我们对其他时态的助动词进行认真地学习和练习.
（1）一般现在时： do/does/am/is/are
（2）现在将来时： will/shall
（3）现在进行时： be(am/is/are)
（4）现在完成时： have/has
（5）一般过去时： did/was/were
（6）过去将来时： would
（7）过去进行时： be(was/were)
（8）过去完成时： had
（9）现在将来进行时：will
（10）现在完成进行时：have/has
以上这些时态的助动词,难学的是 do/does/did/.除了这三个助动词,其他助动词都加带在各个句子之中,较为容易识别.而这三个助动词不出现在肯定句中,要加以注意.下面,我们列举一些例句,看一看不同时态里不同的助动词的不同的用法：（找一找助动词并将例句译为中文）
(1)Do you mind my smoking here?
(2)Will you come to join us?
(3)I will not tell you what to do.
(4)where did you go?
(5)What are you doing there?
(6)You have been there twice,haven't you?
(7)What did you say ?
(8)Where shall we meet?
(9)She gets up as early as her mother does.
(10)Are you asking me to help you?
(11)Does your brother live with your parents?
(12)Shall we have a talk about it?
(13)They are worrying about you.
(14)I am listening to English much more carefully than he is.
(15)Have you seen the film yet?
(16)She has never made any friends with her classmates,has she?
(17)They wrote their homework,so did I.
(18)Where are you going?
(19)Come in,will you?
(20)Let's go to cinema,shall we?
三.现在将来时的同义句型及 shall 的用法.
英语中的现在将来时（will/shall + do 动词原形）,常用来表示自然规律中即将发生的动作,往往是不以人的意志为转移的.如：
1.我们下周即将要放寒假了.
We will have a winter holiday next week.
2.如果他拒绝,我们将没有任何办法.
We will have no way out if he refuses.
同时,现在将来时也可用来表示一个人的意愿或观点,建议等.如：
3.我们开个会讨论一下,怎么样?
Shall we have a meeting to discuss about it?
4.我给她打个电话,如何?
Shall I give her a call?
5.我们会在操场周围种植一些树木.
We will plant some trees around the playground.
而下列两个句型也含有将来的含义,但各有侧重,需区别对待：
1. be going to do...计划,打算,准备.
2. be about to do...刚要,这就,正准备.
例句：
1.I am going to study abroad next year.
2.We are going to have a dinner party.
3.They are going to have another talk with that company.
4.I am about to give you a call.
5.She is about to leave .
6.They are about to go shopping.
而 shall 在现在将来时态中,只为第一人称服务（I,we),且多用于一般问句中,用以表示征求对方意见：
1. Shall I...?
2. Shall we...?
例句：
1.Shall I wait for you at the gate?
我在大门口等你,怎么样?
2.Shall we have a meeting to discuss about it?
我们开会讨论一下,
B.The meeting has already begun for half an hour.( X )
C.The meeting has been on for half an hour.( V )
D.The meeting began half an hour ago.( V )
五.被动语态与各种时态的联用：
英语语法中,被动语态是一个独立的语法重点,其在学习中的难点在于被动语态和其他时态以及其他句型的联用.能否灵活地运用被动语态,取决与被动语态的基础知识是否扎实.根据莱曼英语的总结归纳,并通过“一学,二记,三通过”的方法,才能更加清晰地了解被动语态.
被动语态：
含义：主语不能主动发出而由他人做出的动作.
汉语线索：被,由,受,挨
构成： be + done （过去分词）
助动词： be (am,is,are,was,were 等）
难点：被动语态的构成 be + done 与不同时态或句型的联用.
1.am ,is,are + done... 一般现在时
2.was,were + done... 一般过去时
3.will,shall be + done... 现在将来时
4.am,is,are being + done... 现在进行时
5.was,were being + done ... 过去进行时
6.have,has been + done ... 现在完成时
7.had been + done ... 过去完成时
8.would be + done ... 过去将来时
例句：
1.I am always taught to be honest.
我所受到的教育是要诚实.
2.He is always beaten by his father.
他经常挨他爸爸揍.
3.We are always kept in the classroom during the breaks.
课间我们经常被圈在教室里.
4.She was cheated by her one of her best friends yesterday.
昨天,她被她的一个好朋友骗了.
5.You will be punished if you break the rules.
如果你破坏规据,就将受罚.
6.The accident car is being carried away by the traffic police.
事故车正在被交警拖走.
7.They have already been told that the meeting has been canceled.
他们已经被告知会议被取消了.
8.I asked him whether he had been informed or not.
我问他是否已收到了通知.
诚然,几个例句不足以全面掌握或灵活驾驭被动语态,特别是被动语态和英语时态的联用,还需大量的阅读和练习.
六.主从复合句中的时态前后呼应问题：
在英语主从复合句中,“四大难点”的掌握是关键 .其中时态的前后呼应以及“主将从现”是必须关注的重点之一：
1.时态呼应：
A.主句为现在时态,从句可根据需要用任意时态：
(1)He always says that he is a top student at school.
(2)He always says that he was a top student at school 10 years ago.
B.主句为过去时态,从句需为过去时态中的一种:
(1)He told me that he had seen the film"Gone With The Wind" twice.
(2)He asked whether they were going to have a holiday.
2.主将从现：
主句如是现在将来时,则从句必须用一般现在时：
(1)We will have a meeting when he comes back.
(2)They are going to have an outing if it does not rain tomorrow.
总而言之,英语的时态课题必须抓住其基本规律,又要掌握其特殊规律；进而转化为基本能力.牢记一点.英语的时态是汉语中没有的课题,中国学生必须系统“时习之”,才能全面驾驭英语
二.不同时态中的不同助动词的用法.
三.现在将来时的同义句型以及 shall 的用法.
四.现在完成时中的非延续性动词的用法.
五.不同时态在被动语态中的用法.
六.主从复合句中时态的前后呼应.
下面,我们就以上有关时态的诸多问题进行解释说明：
一.动词的五种形式：
因为动作发生的时间不同,所以运用不同的时态；时态的不同,又要用动词的不同形式来表达.英语中的动词被分为五种不同形式：
（1）动词原形：一般现在时,现在将来时,过去将来时
（2）动词第三人称单数：一般现在时
（3）动词现在分词：现在进行时,过去进行时,现在将来进行时,现在完成进行时
（4）动词过去式：一般过去时
（5）动词过去分词：现在完成时,过去完成时以及被动语态
下面是根据其使用频率所展示的不规则动词的五种形式：
原型 三单 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
be is being was,were been
have has having had had
get gets getting got got
do does doing did done
take takes taking took taken
eat eats eating ate eaten
study studies studying studied studied
watch watches watching watched watched
go goes going went gone
run runs running ran ran
come comes coming came come
see sees seeing saw seen
say says saying said said
tell tells telling told told
swim swims swimming swam swum
give gives giving gave given
meet meets meeting met met
buy buys buying bought bought
pay pays paying paid paid
let lets letting let let
spend spends spending spent spent
teach teaches teaching taught taught
think thinks thinking thought thought
make makes making made made
write writes writing wrote written
hear hears hearing heard heard
speak speaks speaking spoke spoken
read reads reading read read
know knows knowing knew known
drink drinks drinking drank drunk
bring brings bringing brought brought
stand stands standing stood stood
wash washes washing washed washed
find finds finding found found
worry worries worrying worried worried
begin begins beginning began begun
drive drives driving drove driven
draw draws drawing drew drawn
try tries trying tried tried
lend lends lending lent lent
sleep sleeps sleeping slept slept
arrive arrives arriving arrived arrived
live lives living lived lived
cut cuts cutting cut cut
put puts putting put put
keep keeps keeping kept kept
sweep sweeps sweeping swept swept
feel feels feeling felt felt
forget forgets forgetting forgot forgotten
build builds building built built
leave leaves leaving left left
use uses using used used
finish finishesfinishing finished finished
become becomes becoming became become
carry carries carrying carried carried
send sends sending sent sent
throw throws throwing threw thrown
break breaks breaking broke broken
finish finishes finishing finished finished
catch catches catching caught caught
sell sells selling sold sold
die dies dying died died
fly flies flying flew flown
change changes changing changed changed
cry cyies crying cried cried
grow grows growing grew grown
ring rings ringing rang rung
steal steals stealing stole stolen
marry marries marrying married married
rise rises rising rose risen
raise raises raising raised raised
lie lies lying laid lain
lie lies lying lied lied
fight fights fighting fought fought
burn burns burning burnt burnt
erase erases erasing erased erased
beat beats beating beat beaten
hit hits hitting hit hit
以上动词的五种形式,可以通过卡片记忆,每天忆诵,泛读巩固,习题演练等方式加强学习和记忆,并要在学习中增加灵活度.
二.不同时态中的不同的助动词：
英语学习中,必须系统地学习其助动词,特别是时态中的助动词.否则,英语句子的变化就会受到限制,就不会灵活起来.现在,我们来看一看都有哪些语法项目涉及到英语中的助动词,也即英语助动词的用法：
（1）.一般问句 Do you get up early ?
（2）.特殊问句 When do you get up ?
（3）.反义问句 You get up early,don't you?
（4）.否定句 You do not get up early.
（5）.倒装句 He gets up early,so do I.
（6）.同级类比 He gets up as early as I do.
（7）.比较级 He gets up earlier than I do.
（8）.强调句 I do get up early.
以上我们只是利用助动词 do 对其用法做了一下展示.由此及彼,其他时态的助动词也具备如同 do 一样的用法.这就需要我们对其他时态的助动词进行认真地学习和练习.
（1）一般现在时： do/does/am/is/are
（2）现在将来时： will/shall
（3）现在进行时： be(am/is/are)
（4）现在完成时： have/has
（5）一般过去时： did/was/were
（6）过去将来时： would
（7）过去进行时： be(was/were)
（8）过去完成时： had
（9）现在将来进行时：will
（10）现在完成进行时：have/has
以上这些时态的助动词,难学的是 do/does/did/.除了这三个助动词,其他助动词都加带在各个句子之中,较为容易识别.而这三个助动词不出现在肯定句中,要加以注意.下面,我们列举一些例句,看一看不同时态里不同的助动词的不同的用法：（找一找助动词并将例句译为中文）
(1)Do you mind my smoking here?
(2)Will you come to join us?
(3)I will not tell you what to do.
(4)where did you go?
(5)What are you doing there?
(6)You have been there twice,haven't you?
(7)What did you say ?
(8)Where shall we meet?
(9)She gets up as early as her mother does.
(10)Are you asking me to help you?
(11)Does your brother live with your parents?
(12)Shall we have a talk about it?
(13)They are worrying about you.
(14)I am listening to English much more carefully than he is.
(15)Have you seen the film yet?
(16)She has never made any friends with her classmates,has she?
(17)They wrote their homework,so did I.
(18)Where are you going?
(19)Come in,will you?
(20)Let's go to cinema,shall we?
三.现在将来时的同义句型及 shall 的用法.
英语中的现在将来时（will/shall + do 动词原形）,常用来表示自然规律中即将发生的动作,往往是不以人的意志为转移的.如：
1.我们下周即将要放寒假了.
We will have a winter holiday next week.
2.如果他拒绝,我们将没有任何办法.
We will have no way out if he refuses.
同时,现在将来时也可用来表示一个人的意愿或观点,建议等.如：
3.我们开个会讨论一下,怎么样?
Shall we have a meeting to discuss about it?
4.我给她打个电话,如何?
Shall I give her a call?
5.我们会在操场周围种植一些树木.
We will plant some trees around the playground.
而下列两个句型也含有将来的含义,但各有侧重,需区别对待：
1. be going to do...计划,打算,准备.
2. be about to do...刚要,这就,正准备.
例句：
1.I am going to study abroad next year.
2.We are going to have a dinner party.
3.They are going to have another talk with that company.
4.I am about to give you a call.
5.She is about to leave .
6.They are about to go shopping.
而 shall 在现在将来时态中,只为第一人称服务（I,we),且多用于一般问句中,用以表示征求对方意见：
1. Shall I...?
2. Shall we...?
例句：
1.Shall I wait for you at the gate?
我在大门口等你,怎么样?
2.Shall we have a meeting to discuss about it?
我们开会讨论一下,
B.The meeting has already begun for half an hour.( X )
C.The meeting has been on for half an hour.( V )
D.The meeting began half an hour ago.( V )
五.被动语态与各种时态的联用：
英语语法中,被动语态是一个独立的语法重点,其在学习中的难点在于被动语态和其他时态以及其他句型的联用.能否灵活地运用被动语态,取决与被动语态的基础知识是否扎实.根据莱曼英语的总结归纳,并通过“一学,二记,三通过”的方法,才能更加清晰地了解被动语态.
被动语态：
含义：主语不能主动发出而由他人做出的动作.
汉语线索：被,由,受,挨
构成： be + done （过去分词）
助动词： be (am,is,are,was,were 等）
难点：被动语态的构成 be + done 与不同时态或句型的联用.
1.am ,is,are + done... 一般现在时
2.was,were + done... 一般过去时
3.will,shall be + done... 现在将来时
4.am,is,are being + done... 现在进行时
5.was,were being + done ... 过去进行时
6.have,has been + done ... 现在完成时
7.had been + done ... 过去完成时
8.would be + done ... 过去将来时
例句：
1.I am always taught to be honest.
我所受到的教育是要诚实.
2.He is always beaten by his father.
他经常挨他爸爸揍.
3.We are always kept in the classroom during the breaks.
课间我们经常被圈在教室里.
4.She was cheated by her one of her best friends yesterday.
昨天,她被她的一个好朋友骗了.
5.You will be punished if you break the rules.
如果你破坏规据,就将受罚.
6.The accident car is being carried away by the traffic police.
事故车正在被交警拖走.
7.They have already been told that the meeting has been canceled.
他们已经被告知会议被取消了.
8.I asked him whether he had been informed or not.
我问他是否已收到了通知.
诚然,几个例句不足以全面掌握或灵活驾驭被动语态,特别是被动语态和英语时态的联用,还需大量的阅读和练习.
六.主从复合句中的时态前后呼应问题：
在英语主从复合句中,“四大难点”的掌握是关键 .其中时态的前后呼应以及“主将从现”是必须关注的重点之一：
1.时态呼应：
A.主句为现在时态,从句可根据需要用任意时态：
(1)He always says that he is a top student at school.
(2)He always says that he was a top student at school 10 years ago.
B.主句为过去时态,从句需为过去时态中的一种:
(1)He told me that he had seen the film"Gone With The Wind" twice.
(2)He asked whether they were going to have a holiday.
2.主将从现：
主句如是现在将来时,则从句必须用一般现在时：
(1)We will have a meeting when he comes back.
(2)They are going to have an outing if it does not rain tomorrow.
总而言之,英语的时态课题必须抓住其基本规律,又要掌握其特殊规律；进而转化为基本能力.牢记一点.英语的时态是汉语中没有的课题,中国学生必须系统“时习之”,才能全面驾驭英语
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