问题描述：
英语翻译
作者：Lubka Tchankova
Abstract：In this paper risk identification is investigated as a basic stage in risk management.The risk identification phase as the first stage in the risk management process is presented and its leading role for effective risk management is proved.The basic terms that are necessary for building of the frame approach for risk identification are defined:sources of risk-hazard,factor-peril-resources exposed to risk.A classification of risk sources±physical,social,political,operational,economic,legal and cognitive environment±is proposed.It allows covering all types of risk facing the organisation.A grouping of the resources exposed to risk such as physical,human,and financial resources is introduced.It is based on a practical consideration of the risk situations in the organisations.
Sources of risk
Different definitions and classifications can be used in managerial practice.A
general classification may use physical,social and economic sources.But an
in-depth investigation of the problem of risk identification may need
classification that can cover all types of risk in more detail.Therefore the
sources of risk can be represented depending on the environment in which they
arise as follows(Williams et al.,1998):
.physical environment;
.social environment;
.political environment;
.operational environment;
.economic environment;
.legal environment;
.cognitive environment.
Physical environment
The physical environment is an important source of risk.Natural disasters like
earthquakes,storms,flooding,landslides,etc.lead to serious losses.The
environmental influence on the people and people's influences on the
environment are important aspects of this source of risk.The physical
environment can be a source of profitable opportunities,for example real estate
as an investment,or appropriate climate for the agriculture business or
tourism.
Social environment
The changes in people's values,human behaviour and state of social structures
are another source of risk.Civil unrest,social riots and strikes are events
underlining the importance of the social environment as a source of risk.The
level of worker skills and loyalty to the organisation determine to a large extent
the success of the organisation.The difference in social values and culture,for
example,the businessman from Europe,America and Asia,creates a high level
of uncertainty.At the same time the changes of culture create opportunities.
For example,in many countries the equal opportunities of minorities lead to
faster development.
作者：Lubka Tchankova
Abstract：In this paper risk identification is investigated as a basic stage in risk management.The risk identification phase as the first stage in the risk management process is presented and its leading role for effective risk management is proved.The basic terms that are necessary for building of the frame approach for risk identification are defined:sources of risk-hazard,factor-peril-resources exposed to risk.A classification of risk sources±physical,social,political,operational,economic,legal and cognitive environment±is proposed.It allows covering all types of risk facing the organisation.A grouping of the resources exposed to risk such as physical,human,and financial resources is introduced.It is based on a practical consideration of the risk situations in the organisations.
Sources of risk
Different definitions and classifications can be used in managerial practice.A
general classification may use physical,social and economic sources.But an
in-depth investigation of the problem of risk identification may need
classification that can cover all types of risk in more detail.Therefore the
sources of risk can be represented depending on the environment in which they
arise as follows(Williams et al.,1998):
.physical environment;
.social environment;
.political environment;
.operational environment;
.economic environment;
.legal environment;
.cognitive environment.
Physical environment
The physical environment is an important source of risk.Natural disasters like
earthquakes,storms,flooding,landslides,etc.lead to serious losses.The
environmental influence on the people and people's influences on the
environment are important aspects of this source of risk.The physical
environment can be a source of profitable opportunities,for example real estate
as an investment,or appropriate climate for the agriculture business or
tourism.
Social environment
The changes in people's values,human behaviour and state of social structures
are another source of risk.Civil unrest,social riots and strikes are events
underlining the importance of the social environment as a source of risk.The
level of worker skills and loyalty to the organisation determine to a large extent
the success of the organisation.The difference in social values and culture,for
example,the businessman from Europe,America and Asia,creates a high level
of uncertainty.At the same time the changes of culture create opportunities.
For example,in many countries the equal opportunities of minorities lead to
faster development.
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