问题描述：
帮忙翻译一下2008年国际贸易报告
Under this cost structure, they show that in sectors where the production of the final good is componentintensive, outsourcing prevails over vertical integration. On the other hand, in sectors where the final good producer provides headquarters-intensive services, all four organizational forms can co-exist. The prevalence of one form over another depends on the distribution of productivity across firms within the sector. In particular, in decreasing order of productivity, the most productive firms will engage in FDI, firms with a medium-high level of productivity will offshore internationally, firms with a medium-low level of productivity will integrate all activities within the firm, with no outsourcing. Finally, the least productive will either be driven out of the market or will outsource in the domestic market.
Chart 14 shows the profit profile of firms depending on their productivity under alternative organizational structures. The chart is based on a specific assumption of ordering the fixed costs, whereby fixed costs of vertical integration are higher than fixed costs of offshoring and fixed costs in the North are less than in the South.49 Assuming that variable costs are lower abroad because of lower wages, profits increase faster (lines are steeper) when inputs are produced abroad rather than at home. Furthermore, profits increase faster (lines are steeper) under vertical integration than under outsourcing, irrespective of the location. This is because under outsourcing the final good producer has to leave a larger part of the profits to the supplier in order to provide the supplier with the incentive to invest in the relationship.
这是其中的一部分,是我们的作业,谢谢
Under this cost structure, they show that in sectors where the production of the final good is componentintensive, outsourcing prevails over vertical integration. On the other hand, in sectors where the final good producer provides headquarters-intensive services, all four organizational forms can co-exist. The prevalence of one form over another depends on the distribution of productivity across firms within the sector. In particular, in decreasing order of productivity, the most productive firms will engage in FDI, firms with a medium-high level of productivity will offshore internationally, firms with a medium-low level of productivity will integrate all activities within the firm, with no outsourcing. Finally, the least productive will either be driven out of the market or will outsource in the domestic market.
Chart 14 shows the profit profile of firms depending on their productivity under alternative organizational structures. The chart is based on a specific assumption of ordering the fixed costs, whereby fixed costs of vertical integration are higher than fixed costs of offshoring and fixed costs in the North are less than in the South.49 Assuming that variable costs are lower abroad because of lower wages, profits increase faster (lines are steeper) when inputs are produced abroad rather than at home. Furthermore, profits increase faster (lines are steeper) under vertical integration than under outsourcing, irrespective of the location. This is because under outsourcing the final good producer has to leave a larger part of the profits to the supplier in order to provide the supplier with the incentive to invest in the relationship.
这是其中的一部分,是我们的作业,谢谢
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