The Old Man and the Sea may very well become one of the true classics of this generation.Certainly,the qualities of Ernest Hemingway's short novel are those which we associate with many great stories of the past:near perfection of form within the limitations of its subject matter,restraint of treatment,regard for the unities of time and place,and evocative simplicity of style.Also,like most great stories,it can be read on more than one level of meaning.On one it is an exciting but tragic adventure story.Sustained by the pride of his calling,the only pride he has left,a broken old fisherman ventures far out into the Gulf Stream and there hooks the biggest marlin ever seen in those waters.Then,alone and exhausted by his struggle to harpoon the giant fish,he is forced into a losing battle with marauding sharks; they leave him nothing but the skeleton of his catch.On another level the book is a fable of the unconquerable spirit of man,a creature capable of snatching spiritual victory from circumstances of disaster and material defeat.On still another it is a parable of religious significance,its theme supported by the writer's unobtrusive handling of Christian symbols and metaphors.Like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner,Hemingway's Cuban fisherman is a character allowing the imagination of his creator to operate simultaneously in two different worlds of meaning and value,the one real and dramatic,the other moral and devotionally symbolic.
《老人与海》完全可能成为当代一部名副其实的经典作品.厄纳斯特·海明威的这部短篇小说无疑具有以往许多巨著的共同特点：在题材所限的范围内几乎达到形式上的完美无缺、处理方法谨严、注意时间和地点的统一,行文简洁而内涵很深.另外,和极大多数巨著一样,海明威的这篇小说读起来可有不止一层的意思.一方面,这是一个激动人心的带有悲剧性的冒险故事.故事讲到一个精神沮丧的老渔人,在他对职业的自豪感(他留下的唯一自豪感)的支持之下,冒险远航至墨西哥湾流并在那里钓住了一条该水域中从未见过的最大的马林鱼.故事接着说到他孤零零地、在因奋力叉住这条大鱼而耗尽了力气之后,被迫投入一场和一群海盗似的鲨鱼的绝望的搏斗之中,结果是那些鲨鱼只给他留下了猎获物的一具骨架.另一方面,这又是一个寓言,它描述了人所具有的不可征服的精神力量——一个人如何从灾难和实际失败的环境中攫取精神上的胜利.再一方面,这是带有宗教意义的一种隐喻,作者不引人注目地给这一主题添加了基督教的一些象征和比喻.和柯勒律治笔下的“老水手”一样,海明威笔下的古巴渔民是这样一个角色,他容许作者的想象力同时在两个领域中活动,这两个领域具有不同的意义和价值,一个注意写实,有着动人的情节；另一个则侧重道德说教,充满象征的意义.
