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英语翻译
Equally important,such dispersions involve novel products of more sophisticated properties or ensure better reproducibility and quality control of already existing materials.
Here we illustrate some of the newly developed dispersions obtained by two techniques only:precipitation from homogeneous solutions and chemical reactions in aerosols.In both procedures,the fundamental ideas are rather simple,although considerable effort may be needed in actual cases to achieve a desired product.
During precipitation it is essential to control chemical reaction that yield solid particles in order to generate a single,short burst of nuclei and to let these grow uniformly.This goal can be achieved by different chemical processes,such as careful hydrolysis of metal ions resulting in hydrous metal oxides,or by decomposition of compounds that either release anions in the presence of specific cations or vice versa to yield inorganic solids of desired chemical composition.
Most of these processes are rather sensitive to experimental conditions,including pH,temperature,concentration of reactants,nature of anions,stirring,and aging time.As a result,it is possible to produce materials of many different chemical compositions,sizes,and shapes.On the other hand,it is almost impossible to predict the nature of the products from a set of experimental conditions.The following examples illustrate some of the powders prepared based on the principles we described earlier.
Equally important,such dispersions involve novel products of more sophisticated properties or ensure better reproducibility and quality control of already existing materials.
Here we illustrate some of the newly developed dispersions obtained by two techniques only:precipitation from homogeneous solutions and chemical reactions in aerosols.In both procedures,the fundamental ideas are rather simple,although considerable effort may be needed in actual cases to achieve a desired product.
During precipitation it is essential to control chemical reaction that yield solid particles in order to generate a single,short burst of nuclei and to let these grow uniformly.This goal can be achieved by different chemical processes,such as careful hydrolysis of metal ions resulting in hydrous metal oxides,or by decomposition of compounds that either release anions in the presence of specific cations or vice versa to yield inorganic solids of desired chemical composition.
Most of these processes are rather sensitive to experimental conditions,including pH,temperature,concentration of reactants,nature of anions,stirring,and aging time.As a result,it is possible to produce materials of many different chemical compositions,sizes,and shapes.On the other hand,it is almost impossible to predict the nature of the products from a set of experimental conditions.The following examples illustrate some of the powders prepared based on the principles we described earlier.
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