1.near作形容词.(1)表示"邻近的,接近的".如：a near translation接近原文的翻译.(2)也可以表示"亲密的,近亲的".如：He is my near friend.他是我最好的朋友.
2.near可以用作介词.意为："在.附近"或"接近,近"如：There's a bakery near our house.在我家附近有一个面包店.It is near dinner time.快到吃饭的时间了.
BESIDE 的用法
Besides,there are very few skilled stone workers left after the war years.=Also,there are very few skilled stone workers that are left after the war years.此外,战争年代过后,技术熟练的石匠以所剩无几.
句中的besides是副词,作“还有,而且”解,通常置于句首.
例如：it’s too late to go to the concert.Besides,it’s raining.I don’t want to go out now.besides,I’m feeling tired.The task is difficult; besides,time is limited.Besides还可以用作介词,意思是“除…之外”,“还有…”
例如,There are five other room besides these two.Besides the violin,Jack also plays the piano.To learn English,listening is also important besides reading.
不要把besides同beside是介词,作“在……旁边”（next to）解,例如：He is sitting beside the driver.He lives in a town beside a lake.
by,beside,near和next to
1) by和beside均表示“在……旁边”,常可换用
例：There is a chair by the table.桌子边上有一把椅子.
She stood by the window.她站在窗边.
The hotel is beside (/by) the river.那家饭店在河边.
Come and sit beside (/by) me.过来,坐在我边上.
Put your shoes beside mine.把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁边.
2) near表示“在……附近”,表示的距离比by和beside稍远些,也时常换用
例：There is a theatre near his home.他家附近有一家剧院.
Don't play near the road.不要在马路附近玩.
There is a post office near No.1 Middle School.第一中学附近有一所邮局
