问题描述：
英语翻译
wear can be defied as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface.the problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surfaces,and is therefore important in engineering practice,often being they major factor governing the life and performance of machine components.the major types of weare are described next:
adhesive wear.when two surfaces aree loaded against each other,the whole of the contact load ise carried on very small area of the asperity contacts,the real contact pressure ate these asperities is very high,and adhesion takes place between them.if a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1,shearing can take place either (a) at the interface or (b) below or above the interface,causing adhesive wear.because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact,the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals,thus,during sliding,fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component,and a wear fragment is generated.although this fragment is attach to the harder component(upper surface in Fig.16.1c),it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into a loose wear particle.
also known as oxidation or chemical wear,this type of wear is caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions between the surfaces wear particles in this type of wear.when the corrosive layer is destroyed or removed through sliding,another layer begins to form,and the process of removal and corrosive layer formation is repeated
fatigue wear is caused when the surface of a material is subjected to cyclic loading,one example of this is the rolling contact in bearings.the wear particles usually are formed through spalling or pitting.another type of fatigue wear is by thermal fatigue.cracks on the furface are generated by thermal stresses from thermal cycling,such as when a cool forging die repeatedly contacts hot workpieces.these cracks then join,and the surface begins to spall,producing fatigue wear.
wear can be defied as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface.the problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surfaces,and is therefore important in engineering practice,often being they major factor governing the life and performance of machine components.the major types of weare are described next:
adhesive wear.when two surfaces aree loaded against each other,the whole of the contact load ise carried on very small area of the asperity contacts,the real contact pressure ate these asperities is very high,and adhesion takes place between them.if a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1,shearing can take place either (a) at the interface or (b) below or above the interface,causing adhesive wear.because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact,the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals,thus,during sliding,fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component,and a wear fragment is generated.although this fragment is attach to the harder component(upper surface in Fig.16.1c),it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into a loose wear particle.
also known as oxidation or chemical wear,this type of wear is caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions between the surfaces wear particles in this type of wear.when the corrosive layer is destroyed or removed through sliding,another layer begins to form,and the process of removal and corrosive layer formation is repeated
fatigue wear is caused when the surface of a material is subjected to cyclic loading,one example of this is the rolling contact in bearings.the wear particles usually are formed through spalling or pitting.another type of fatigue wear is by thermal fatigue.cracks on the furface are generated by thermal stresses from thermal cycling,such as when a cool forging die repeatedly contacts hot workpieces.these cracks then join,and the surface begins to spall,producing fatigue wear.
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