since 的用法 和翻译

问题描述:

老师,请讲一下since 的用法 固定句型和对应的怎么翻译 还有就是关于since中考的一些题型,尤其是句型转换 选择题 就写成什么等于什么 我就明白了! 谢谢!
1个回答 分类:英语 2010-04-04

问题解答:

我来补答
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
(一)since作连词,指“时间”,表示“自......以来”。Since引导时间状语从句, 表示主句的动作,从过去的某一点时间持续到现在,从名时态常用一般过去时,主句的时态一般用现在完成时。如:

He has not written to me since he graduated from high school.自从他中学毕业以来,一直没有写信给我。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago .自从两年前来到学校以来,我们已彼此熟悉。

但是,由于在since引导的时间状语从名中,谓语动词有终止性(界限性)与延续性的区别,则所表达的意思就完全不相同。例如:
1. Mr. Write has lived there since he came to this city.
2. Li Mei has done a lot of good deeds since she joined the Young Pioneer.
3. He has never seen me since I was ill .
4. Miss Mary has been in Shanghai since she lived in Beijing.

在1,2两句中,since多句中谓语动词是终止性的,表示动作亦已完成,则句子所表达的意思与动词词意是一致的。这两句应译成:

1、自从怀特先生来到这个城市以来,他就一直住在那儿。
2、李梅加入少先队以来,做了许多好事。

而3、4两句中,since从句中的谓语动词是延续性的,是表示过去的动作或状态的结束,since从句所表示时间的起点,通常是从动作完成或状态结束之时算起。这时,从句所表示的意思,与动词词意恰恰相反,具有否定意义。这两句应译成:

3、自我病愈到现在,他从未来看过我。
4、玛丽小姐自离开北京,她就一直在上海。

注意:当since从句中的谓语时态用现在完成时,这时since 从句所指某种状态,又是从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,试比较下面两名:

a) He has never been to visit me since I was ill .我病愈到现在,他从未来看过我。
b) He has never been to visit me since I have been ill .我患病到现在,他从未来看过我。
a) 句中意指“我病好了”,在我患病期间,他来看过我。恢复健康后,他就不来看我了。
b)句意指“我现在仍有病”。

(二)句型“It is ...since...",表示从过去某一点时间,持续到现在的整段时间。如:

It is two years since he left the country .他离开这个国家有两年时间了。
在该句型中,since从句同样存在谓语动词的终止性与延续性的区别。

It is three Months since the Whites were in London .怀特夫妇离开伦敦已有3个月了。试比较:
It is five years since the boy was a Young Pioneer .这个男孩不当少先队员已经五年了。
It is five years since the boy became a Young Pioneer .这个男孩当少先队员已经五年了。
“It is ...since ...",可以转换使用“...ago...”,“for ...”的句子。例如:
I haven't been in the countryside for a year.
也可转换成:A year has passed since I left the countryside.

(三)since引导原因状语从句,意思是“既然,因为”。例如:
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.因为我们没钱,我们买不起(它)。
Since you insist,I must go. 因为你坚持,我就必须去了。

典型例题:
1.It has been two years ________ he lived here.
A. before B. when C. since D. that
答案:C 。本句意为:他不住在这儿已经两年了。
「归纳」为since意为自从某时或某事发生以来,故since后从句时,从句的时态应用一般过去时态,而主句应用现在完成时态。如表示某某事发生多久了,则用:It is/ has been+一段时间+since+从句。
「注意」It is/ has been+一段时间+since+从句。在本结构中,从句的谓语动词如为延续性动词时,翻译时要从动作结束时算起。
最终答案:略
 
 
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