问题描述：
如何区别Waterproof Water Repellent Water Resistant
问题解答：
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濡備綍鍖哄埆Waterproof\Water Repellent\Water
Resistant\Weather Resistant
Fabrics and garments may be labeled waterproof,water-repellent,
weather-resistant or some combination of these.But what does it all
mean?
Waterproof
A waterproof fabric is completely impermeable to water.(1)
Since all the pores are closed,these fabrics are also impermeable to air and
can become hot and uncomfortable as apparel.A vinyl raincoat is an example of a
waterproof garment.The wearer remains dry since rain stays outside the coat; it
can not soak into or through the fabric.Waterproofness is easy to determine
either water can get in or it can not.
Water Repellent
Water repellence and water resistance introduce a lot
more uncertainty.Water repellency is the resistance to wetting; water
resistance is the resistance to wetting and water penetration.(2) Different
fabrics resist wetting (absorbing water) to different degrees and the AATCC
Technical Manual includes two methods for determining water repellency.AATCC
Test Method (TM) 22,Water Repellency:Spray Test calls for a visual evaluation
of the wetting pattern after the fabric is sprayed with water.Manufacturers and
retailers must agree on an acceptable level of repellency based on the end-use
of each fabric.A rating of 80-90 (on a scale of 0-100) is generally acceptable
for unlaundered samples intended for use as water-repellent outerwear.(3) Water
repellency tests measure the amount of water that soaks into the fabric,not the
amount that soaks through.
Intended mainly to measure the water-repellent
efficacy of finishes,TM 70,Water Repellency,Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption
Test is not intended to predict rain penetration resistance.(4) Specimens are
tumbled in water,weighed,and the wet weight is compared to the dry weight.
Water Resistant
AATCC TM 35,Water
Resistance:Rain Test and TM 42,Water Resistance:Impact Penetration Test use
the weight of the water penetrating the fabric as a measure of resistance.Less
than 1 g is usually considered acceptable;3 anything over 5 g is reported as
> 5 g and indicates failure as a water-resistant fabric.2 The rain test may
be performed at different pressures to simulate different intensities of rain
and acceptable values for both tests may vary according to end-use.
Another measure of water resistance is TM 127,Water
Resistance:Hydrostatic Pressure Test.Water is directed at one side of the
fabric under increasing pressure and the point at which water droplets appear on
the opposite side is recorded.This test differentiates between the water
resistance of the fabric and the water repellency of the fiber,yarn,and fabric
construction.The degree to which the fibers and yarns resist wetting,combined
with the size,shape,and number of pores in the fabric construction,influences
the overall penetrability of the fabric.(5)
Weather Resistant
Weather resistance,the
ability of a material to resist degradation of its properties when exposed to
climactic conditions,6 is an even more complicated issue.AATCC TM 186,Weather
Resistance:UV Light and Moisture Exposure subjects fabrics to artificial
weathering through the use of ultraviolet (UV) light,humidity,and/or water
spray.Exposed fabrics are compared to control fabrics in terms of color change
and breaking or bursting strength.This test is most appropriate for items which
will be placed outdoors for extended periods of time.The test method suggests
three cycle options based on end-use姊榚neral applications (e.g.,outdoor
furniture fabrics,and tent material),architectural applications where thermal
shock may be an issue,and automotive exteriors.The UV and humidity/spray
conditions for each application vary slightly.TMs 111,169,and 192 are similar
tests,using different combinations of light and/or water to simulate
weathering.
So,will your fabric keep you dry?
Waterproof fabric will protect you from rain,
but will eventually make you hot and sweaty.A water-repellent fabric will
probably keep you dry if you are out in the rain for just a few minutes.
Water-resistant fabrics may also keep you dry temporarily and they will be more
breathable than waterproof fabrics,but water will eventually soak in,making
the fabric heavy and wet.While a weather-resistant fabric makes no promise to
keep you dry,it will continue to look and perform as it was intended even after
prolonged exposure to sun and rain.
References
1.Dictionary of Fiber & Textile
Technology,KoSa,Charlotte,N.C.,U.S.A.,1999,p215.
2.AATCC Technical
Manual,Vol.81,2006,pp65-67,85-88.
3.Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol.
7.02,West Conshohocken,Pa.,U.S.A.,2005,p992.
4.AATCC Technical Manual,
Vol.81,2006,pp99-100.
5.AATCC Technical Manual,Vol.81,2006,
pp211-212.
6.AATCC Technical Manual,Vol.81,2006,pp348-352.
Note:Story by Diana Wyman,AATCC.
Resistant\Weather Resistant
Fabrics and garments may be labeled waterproof,water-repellent,
weather-resistant or some combination of these.But what does it all
mean?
Waterproof
A waterproof fabric is completely impermeable to water.(1)
Since all the pores are closed,these fabrics are also impermeable to air and
can become hot and uncomfortable as apparel.A vinyl raincoat is an example of a
waterproof garment.The wearer remains dry since rain stays outside the coat; it
can not soak into or through the fabric.Waterproofness is easy to determine
either water can get in or it can not.
Water Repellent
Water repellence and water resistance introduce a lot
more uncertainty.Water repellency is the resistance to wetting; water
resistance is the resistance to wetting and water penetration.(2) Different
fabrics resist wetting (absorbing water) to different degrees and the AATCC
Technical Manual includes two methods for determining water repellency.AATCC
Test Method (TM) 22,Water Repellency:Spray Test calls for a visual evaluation
of the wetting pattern after the fabric is sprayed with water.Manufacturers and
retailers must agree on an acceptable level of repellency based on the end-use
of each fabric.A rating of 80-90 (on a scale of 0-100) is generally acceptable
for unlaundered samples intended for use as water-repellent outerwear.(3) Water
repellency tests measure the amount of water that soaks into the fabric,not the
amount that soaks through.
Intended mainly to measure the water-repellent
efficacy of finishes,TM 70,Water Repellency,Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption
Test is not intended to predict rain penetration resistance.(4) Specimens are
tumbled in water,weighed,and the wet weight is compared to the dry weight.
Water Resistant
AATCC TM 35,Water
Resistance:Rain Test and TM 42,Water Resistance:Impact Penetration Test use
the weight of the water penetrating the fabric as a measure of resistance.Less
than 1 g is usually considered acceptable;3 anything over 5 g is reported as
> 5 g and indicates failure as a water-resistant fabric.2 The rain test may
be performed at different pressures to simulate different intensities of rain
and acceptable values for both tests may vary according to end-use.
Another measure of water resistance is TM 127,Water
Resistance:Hydrostatic Pressure Test.Water is directed at one side of the
fabric under increasing pressure and the point at which water droplets appear on
the opposite side is recorded.This test differentiates between the water
resistance of the fabric and the water repellency of the fiber,yarn,and fabric
construction.The degree to which the fibers and yarns resist wetting,combined
with the size,shape,and number of pores in the fabric construction,influences
the overall penetrability of the fabric.(5)
Weather Resistant
Weather resistance,the
ability of a material to resist degradation of its properties when exposed to
climactic conditions,6 is an even more complicated issue.AATCC TM 186,Weather
Resistance:UV Light and Moisture Exposure subjects fabrics to artificial
weathering through the use of ultraviolet (UV) light,humidity,and/or water
spray.Exposed fabrics are compared to control fabrics in terms of color change
and breaking or bursting strength.This test is most appropriate for items which
will be placed outdoors for extended periods of time.The test method suggests
three cycle options based on end-use姊榚neral applications (e.g.,outdoor
furniture fabrics,and tent material),architectural applications where thermal
shock may be an issue,and automotive exteriors.The UV and humidity/spray
conditions for each application vary slightly.TMs 111,169,and 192 are similar
tests,using different combinations of light and/or water to simulate
weathering.
So,will your fabric keep you dry?
Waterproof fabric will protect you from rain,
but will eventually make you hot and sweaty.A water-repellent fabric will
probably keep you dry if you are out in the rain for just a few minutes.
Water-resistant fabrics may also keep you dry temporarily and they will be more
breathable than waterproof fabrics,but water will eventually soak in,making
the fabric heavy and wet.While a weather-resistant fabric makes no promise to
keep you dry,it will continue to look and perform as it was intended even after
prolonged exposure to sun and rain.
References
1.Dictionary of Fiber & Textile
Technology,KoSa,Charlotte,N.C.,U.S.A.,1999,p215.
2.AATCC Technical
Manual,Vol.81,2006,pp65-67,85-88.
3.Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol.
7.02,West Conshohocken,Pa.,U.S.A.,2005,p992.
4.AATCC Technical Manual,
Vol.81,2006,pp99-100.
5.AATCC Technical Manual,Vol.81,2006,
pp211-212.
6.AATCC Technical Manual,Vol.81,2006,pp348-352.
Note:Story by Diana Wyman,AATCC.
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