什么是be,和do,祈使句,请讲明白

问题描述:

什么是be,和do,祈使句,请讲明白
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-11-28

问题解答:

我来补答
e
助词 v.aux.
1.(与动词的现在分词连用,构成各种进行时态)正在...,在...
I won't be free this afternoon. I'll be seeing a friend off.
我今天下午没空,我要给朋友送行.
What were you doing from 9 to 11 this morning?
今天上午九点到十一点你在做什么?
He is working.
他在工作.
2.(与及物动词的过去分词连用,构成被动语态)被...
The problem was solved long ago.
问题早解决了.
It will be discussed tomorrow.
此事将在明天讨论.
3.【旧】(与不及物动词go,come,rise等的过去分词连用,构成完成时)已经...
The sun is set.
太阳已经下山.
4.(与动词不定式连用,表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等)应该做...,必须做 ...;预定做...;会做...
The President is to visit Japan next week.
总统将于下周访问日本.
You're to do your homework before you watch TV.
你应该做了功课再看电视.
不及物动词 vi.
1.是[L]
At that time he was the chair of the department.
当时他是系主任.
I am a teacher and they are my students.
我是老师,他们是我的学生.
She is very young.
她非常年轻.
2.(表示时间、度、量、价值等)是;值;等于[L]
The watch is 100 dollars.
这表值一百元.
3.(常用祈使语气或不定式)要,得;成为;变成[L]
Be quiet, please.
请安静.
4.(与there连用)有[L]
There are a lot of tourists there.
那里有许多观光客.
5.逗留,(继续)呆[L]
He will be here all next week.
下周他将一直呆在这儿.
6.在[Q]
Tony is in the office.
托尼在办公室里.
7.存在
Whatever is has every reason for being.
存在的东西总有其存在的理由.
8.听任
If she's sleeping, let her be.
如果她在睡觉,就别惊动她.
一、祈使句的分类
祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等.祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类.
1.第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令,提出要求或建议.这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来,而是以动词原形开头.如:
Stand up!
Don’t worry about!
但如果说话时有多人在场,就得把主语表示出来,或加呼语,以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令.如:
Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!
Mary clean the windows,and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户,你们男孩子洗地板!
Come in,everybody! 每个人都进来!
有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪.如:
Don’t you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!
You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!
Mind your own business,you! 你少管闲事!
2.第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象,这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议.如:
Let’s go! Let us go home!
Let him be here by 10 o’clock.
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外,还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示.如:
Help!
Patience!
Quickly!
Hands up!
二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式
祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do.如:
Do be careful!
Do Stop talking!
Do give my regards to your parents!务必/一定代我向你父母问好!
祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never.如:
Don’t you be nervous!你不要紧张!
以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us/me后加not.如:
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!
但英式英语也用这样的表达:Don’t let’s say anything about it.
三、祈使句的反意疑问句
1.祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式,要用shall,will.如:
Pass me the book,will you?
2.Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“Shall we?”.如:
Let’s go for a walk,shall we?
Let’s forget it,shall we?
3.Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“will you?”.如:
Let us go for a walk,will you?
4.其它行为动词引起的祈使句,无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句,多用“will you?”,表一种客气的语气.如:
Listen to me,will you?
Don’t tell anyone about it,will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”.如:
Have a cup of coffee,won’t you?
Come in and take a seat,won’t you/will you?
四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中
1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件.
2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;要不然”.试比较:
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)
五、祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语
当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时,其常用结构为“ask/request/tell/order sb(not)to do sth”.如:
“Speak loudly,please!” the teacher said to me.(=The teacher asked me to speak loudly.)
“Don’t smoke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom.(=He told Tom not to smoke in the meeting room.)
 
 
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