Like a scientist bent on making a discovery,he must cherish

都对!
Like a scientist bent on making a discovery 这里是bent on making a discovery 分词短语作后置定语
而like a scientist who is bent on making a discovery是who is bent on making a discovery定语从句作后置定语
语言材料不同,意思都一样
再问： bent 是adj.呀，不是vt.
再答： 是形容词化的分词， 和moved, excited, surprised， interested 等类似