问题描述：
求助,高手帮忙翻译成英语,谢绝机器翻译,好的话可以加分
2.价值观念的不同.
“人们的言语表现形式要受语言赖以存在的价值观念、社会习俗、生活方式、行为方式、民族心理和性格等的制约和影响”〔4〕.中西方的价值取向有天壤之别.中国人认为个人力量微不足道,推崇集体价值至上的价值取向.而西方文化则是个人价值至上,推崇个人主义,强调个人的存在价值.不同的价值观念直接影响了语言的运用原则和表达方式,影响到学习者对英语语言及文化的认知和掌握.同样是一个老人行动不便,你上前帮助的情况,在中国会被认为是尊老的表现、有礼貌、有教养,但在西方,他会认为你是轻视他的能力把他当作受帮助的“弱者”,因此显得非常不高兴.特别是在个人隐私方面.他们认为个人的事不必让别人知道,更不愿别人干涉.所以,英美人的话题常从无伤大雅、公开性的天气谈起,年龄、收入、体重等都是很敏感的话题.而中国人在个人隐私方面的观念比较淡薄,因此,多数具有中国传统价值观念的中国英语初学者创造出来的句子屡屡让英美人士大伤脑筋.
3.思维方式的不同.
中国文化在思维模式上表现为归纳式,着重使语义、逻辑、韵律互为映衬,单个句子的语义和语法结构价值须在整个句子格局中才能肯定.但是,西方人的思维模式是分析式,重理性、重个体、讲究形式完备的认知特点,他们会直截了当地表明自己的看法,再层层剖析,最后得出结论.我们知道,每一种语言的语法结构、交际模式、篇章修辞等在很大程度上都受到作为该语言上的思维方式的影响甚至制约.思维方式的差异会在语言中反映出来.由于中国人与美国人倾向于使用不同的思维模式,而思维模式在一定程度上决定着语篇的语言特色与修辞传统,中国学生在对此不甚了解的情况下,就会把汉语在中国传统思维模式影响下形成的某些特色带入到所作的英语作文当中,从而形成干扰.例如,中国学生在写作文时往往围绕着主题绕圈子,从不同的、不切主题的观点来说明主题,而不是直截了当地谈及主题.
问题解答：
我来补答
2. Values of different.
"People's words form shall be language depends on remains values, social practices, lifestyle, the behavior way, the national psychology and personality etc restricted and influenced" (4). The value orientation of the difference between Chinese and western. Chinese believe that personal power insignificant, esteem collective the value orientation of supreme worth. While western culture is individual supreme worth, praise highly individualistic, emphasize individual existence value. Different values directly affect the language utilization principle and ways of expression for English learners to affect the language and culture of the cognitive and mastery. Is also a crippling, you forward help, in China can be considered as a respect for the performance, polite, polite, but in the west, he would think you were looked down on his ability to regard him as is helped "weak", and therefore seems quite unhappy. Especially in personal privacy. They believed that personal things don't let others know that more reluctant to others interference. So, the Anglo-American topic often from the nerves, open the weather is mentioned, age, income, weight etc is very sensitive topic. But Chinese in the privacy of concept, accordingly, most weak compared with traditional Chinese values of Chinese English beginners created sentences often let anglo-americans Keats.
3. Thinking-mode difference.
Chinese culture in thinking modes performance for inductive, emphatically make semantic, logic, rhythm mutual set off, a single sentence semantic and grammatical structure value must be in the entire sentence pattern can be sure. However, western thinking mode is analytical, heavy rational, heavy individual, exquisite form complete cognitive characteristics, they will flatly that own view, analysis, layer upon layer again a conclusion. We know, each language syntax structure, communication mode, discourse rhetoric in the very great degree is as the language of the thinking mode of influence and restriction. Different thought patterns will be reflected in a language. As the Chinese people and American people tend to use different thinking mode, and the thinking model in a certain extent determine the discourse of the language characteristic and rhetoric tradition, Chinese students in this poorly understood circumstances, would bring Chinese in traditional Chinese thinking mode formed under the influence of some features of into done among English composition, thus forming interference. For example, Chinese students to write a composition, often in a circle around the theme, from different, do not cut theme view to illustrate topics, not point-blank point.
