名词修饰名词
所谓名词修饰名词,就是以名词直接修饰另一名词,其作用和形容词相似.例如：
Science students; the Clinton Administration; dinner－time; oil industry; Christmas party 等.
下列是名词作修饰语时的语法功能：
⒈代替形容词（或形容词短语）或分词（或分词短语）,如：
● country life→rural life
● China－U.S.relations→Sino－American relations
● a launch pad→a launching pad
● cube sugar→sugar formed in the shape of a cube.
⒉代替名词所有格,如：
● good rapport between consumer and producer countries →good rapport between consumers‘ and producers‘ countries.
● a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN commodity imports→ a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN‘s commodity imports.
⒊代替介词短语,如：
● a tool box→a box for tools.
● a television programme→ a programme on television.
● apple seeds →the seeds of an apple.
⒋代替同位语、形容词分句或不定式动词短语,如：
● his bank manager son→his son,（who is） a bank manager.
● an ASEAN joint conference report→a report to be jointly made by ASEAN（members）.
上述四种情况是名词修饰名词的常见现象.这情形在报章上出现得更频繁.
最后有一点要注意的是,名词作修饰语时,与同词根的形容词或分词作修饰语,有什么语意上的差别呢?不同在于前者强调内容或职能；后者侧重属性和特征.试比较下面三组句子,以观察其不同：
a.labour intensity（劳工密集）
b.labouring people（劳动的人民）
a.a space rocket（宇宙火箭）
b.a spacious room（宽敞的房间）
a.an art gallery（艺术馆）
b.artistic effects（艺术的效果）
a.a history department（历史系）
b.a historic relic（历史遗迹）
a.riot police（防暴警察）
b.riotous police（闹事的／暴动的警察）
副词修饰名词
Even John agreed to come.连约翰也同意来．＜修饰名词＞
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为：
限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例题:
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other two
答案：C.由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案.
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old
答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是：年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词.
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
答案：B.本题考查多个形容词的排序问题.一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表：
限定词+数量词（序数词在前,基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+
those + three + beautiful + large + square
新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词
old + brown + wood + table
