由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况：1． 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）,主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell,repeat,explain,think等.He said ,"You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder,do not know,want to know,be not sure,be puzzled等.（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句.She said,"Do you often come here to read newspapers?" →She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me ,"You have seen the film,haven’t you?" →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句.I asked him,"Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?" →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句.He asked ,"Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived.3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式,作ask ,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.The teacher said to the boy,"Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him ,"Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.[注意] （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述.例如：He said,"Let’s go to the theatre." →He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.→He asked me to open the window."Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .→he advised me to take a walk after supper."Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.→He suggested listening to the music.4.直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导.She said,"What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态.如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时 [注意] （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时.如：He said to me,"I was born in 1973." →He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：He said,"I’m a boy,not a girl." →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：The girl said,"I get up at six every morning." →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since,when,while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变.如：He said to me,"I have taught English since he came here ." →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must,need,had better以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变.例如：The teacher said to me ."You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said ,"I could swim when I was only six ." →He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化.指示代词 this ---that these--- those 表示时间的词 now --- then today--- that day this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) yesterday ----the day before last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before tomorrow ----the next (following ) day next week(month)--the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here --there 动词bring -- take come --go
