Pangaea can be used to explain the presence of similar fossils on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Why did the Wegener not accept this reason?
盘古大陆可以用来解释的大西洋两侧的类似化石的存在.韦格纳为什么不接受这个理由?
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") (Little, Fowler & Coulson 1990)[1] is a scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory builds on the older concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century (one of the most famous advocates was Alfred Wegener), and was accepted by the majority of the Geoscientific community when the concepts of seafloor spreading were developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The lithosphere is broken up into what are called "tectonic plates". In the case of the Earth, there are currently seven to eight major (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. The lithospheric plates ride on the asthenosphere. These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries: convergent, or collisional boundaries; divergent boundaries, also called spreading centers; and conservative transform boundaries. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates varies, though it is typically 0–100 mm annually (Read & Watson 1975)[2].
The tectonic plates are composed of two types of lithosphere: thicker continental and thin oceanic. The upper part is called the crust, again of two types (continental and oceanic). This means that a plate can be of one type, or of both types. One of the main points the theory proposes is that the amount of surface of the (continental and oceanic) plates that disappear in the mantle along the convergent boundaries by subduction is more or less in equilibrium with the new (oceanic) crust that is formed along the divergent margins by seafloor spreading. This is also referred to as the "conveyor belt" principle. In this way, the total surface of the Globe remains the same. This is in contrast with earlier theories advocated before the Plate Tectonics "paradigm", as it is sometimes called, became the main scientific model, theories that proposed gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the Globe, and that still exist in science as alternative models.
Regarding the driving mechanism of the plates various models co-exist: Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has a higher strength and lower density than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Their movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust that result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, downward suction, at the subduction zones. A different explanation lies in different forces generated by the rotation of the Globe and tidal forces of the Sun and the Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors is unclear.
板块构造（从晚拉丁tectonicus,从希腊：τεκτονικός“关于建设”）（小,福勒与库尔森1990）[1]是一个科学的理论,描述了地球的岩石圈大规模的议案.该理论建立在大陆漂移在20世纪头几十年的发展,旧的概念（其中最有名的主张是阿尔弗雷德魏格纳）,是由地质科学界的大多数人所接受时,海底扩张的概念制定了在50年代末和60年代初.岩石圈被分成了所谓的“板块”.在地球的情况,目前有七,八个主要（取决于他们是如何定义）,许多小板块.岩石圈板块骑在软流圈.这些板块将彼此的关系在三个类型的板块边界之一：收敛,或碰撞的边界;,发散边界也称为传播中心;和保守的转换边界.地震,火山活动,山区建设和海沟的形成发生在这些板块边界.横向板块相对运动变化,但它通常每年0-100毫米（读取和沃森1975）[2].
板块构造是由两种类型的岩石圈：陆厚洋薄.上部被称为地壳,又分为两类（大陆和海洋的）.这意味着,一盘可以是一种类型,或者两种类型.该理论提出的主要观点之一是,在（大陆和海洋）板块消失在沿边界收敛俯冲地幔是更多或更少的平衡与新的（洋）沿地壳表面形成总额由海底的不同利润率蔓延.这也被称为“传送带”的原则.通过这种方式,对地球总面积保持不变.这与主张前板块构造“范式”,因为它有时也被称为早期的理论,对比是成为主要的科学模型,理论,建议逐步收缩（收缩）或全球的逐步扩大,并仍然存在,在科学替代模式.
关于板块驱动机制各种型号并存：板块可以移动,因为地球的岩石圈具有较高的强度和较低的密度比软流圈的基础.在对流地幔横向密度变化的结果.他们的行动被认为是由海底运动相结合的驱动远离扩张脊（由于地形的变化和地壳的密度差异,在引力的结果）和阻力,向下吸在俯冲带.不同的解释在于由地球和太阳和月球的潮汐力旋转产生不同的力量.在这些因素的相对重要性还不清楚.
