She asked us to turn down the TV. 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”.直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ ”标出,叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式）.那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化. 1、人称的转变 变人称有一句顺口溜“一随主.二随宾,第三人称不更新”.“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰.从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化 如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称.或被第二人你所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致.如果引号外的主句没有宾语.也可以用第一人称,如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker."→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整.现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态.如：1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下几种情况下.在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化.①直接引语是客观真理."The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.如：Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980." →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时.表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如：He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,（例：could, should, would, might）不再变.如：Peter said. "You had better come have today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规则,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句.如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes." →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）.She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth."句型.如："Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. →She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）.”如：He said, " Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语.例如： John said, "I’m going to London with my father."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去."（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦.（宾语从句是间接引语） 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）,变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时
例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. → She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”→ Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” → Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” → He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. → The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?”→ Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” → Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said,“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” → He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
