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From the establishment of the United States after the American Revolution until the Spanish-American War,U.S.foreign policy remained isolationism focused; however,by the late 19th century,as the output of American factories increased,Americans began to show interest in lands beyond their borders.The foreign policy of the United States contributed a lot not only to the increase of the economy and colonization,but become a new world power.
Firstly,the United States started overseas colonies and opposition to European interference in the Americas.In response to the new independence of Spanish colonies in Latin America in the early 19th century,the United States established the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.This policy declared opposition to European interference in the Americas and left a lasting imprint on the psyche of later American leaders.Despite occasional entanglements with European Powers such as the War of 1812 and the 1898 Spanish-American War,US foreign policy was marked by steady expansion of its foreign trade and scope during the 19th century,and it maintained its policy of avoiding wars with and between European powers.United States annexed the Republic of Hawaii in 1898.During this period,Americans also gained control over other Pacific islands,some 50 in all.
In the late 19th century,the US began investment in new naval technology including steam-powered battleships with powerful armaments and steel decking.When its battleship the Maine was blown up for undetermined reasons in the harbor of Havana,Cuba,publishers operating under a style of yellow journalism whipped up war fever and blamed Spain for the loss of the US battleship.The four-month long Spanish-American War from April through July 1898 was a brief,intense conflict that effectively ended Spain's worldwide empire,and brought the US new territories in Cuba,Puerto Rico,and Philippines.It marked America's transition from a regional to a global power.The Spanish- American War of 1898 marked a turning point in United States foreign policy and the emergence of the United States as a world power.
Now United States had become a new colonial power.But it met new problems.The nation had to increase its military spending and become more involved in foreign affairs.The Americans also had to find ways of dealing with colonial peoples with cultures they did not understand.An immediate difficulty was the Philippines.The Americans who were against imperialism pointed out that it would be foolish to take responsibility for a foreign people living thousands miles away in Asia.But those who were in favour of expansion stressed the economic and strategic importance of the Philippines to the United States.Mckinley Supported expansion and declared that Americans had a duty to educate the Filipinos,and uplift and civilize and Christianize them.Emilio Aguinaldo,who had helped the American attack on the Philippine Islands during the Spanish-American War,now began guerrilla warfare against the United States forces in 1899.The United States had to fight a long and bloody war in the Philippines until March 1901,when Emilio Aguinaldo was captured.After acquiring the Philippines,the United States began to focus its attention on China.American business leaders hoped to expand their trade in the Far East.But they were at a disadvantage in areas where the other powers had special commercial privileges.To protect American interests,the United States proposed the Open Door Policy to the other foreign powers in 1899.This policy made sure that all nations had equal rights to trade with China.
The 20th century was marked by two world wars in which the United States,along with allied powers,defeated its enemies and increased its international reputation.President Wilson's Fourteen Points developed from his idealistic Wilsonianism program of spreading democracy and fighting militarism so as to end wars.It became the basis of the German Armistice and the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.The resulting Treaty of Versailles,due to European allies' punitive and territorial designs,showed insufficient conformity with these points and the U.S.signed separate treaties with each of its adversaries; due to Senate objections also,the U.S.never joined the League of Nations,which was established as a result of Wilson's initiative.Nevertheless,Wilson's idealism and call for self determination of all nations had an effect on nationalism across the globe,while at home his idealistic vision,called "Wilsonianism" of spreading democracy and peace under American auspices had a profound influence on much of American foreign policy ever since.
According to the reason mentioned above,the new foreign policy was good for United States and helped America became a new world power.