引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语.直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序.
1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导.例如：
She said,"I am very happy to help you."→
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导.例如：
He asked me,"Do you like playing football?"→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether.例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where 等引导.例如：
My sister asked me,"How do you like the film?"→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4.直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order 等的宾语.例如：
The captain ordered,"Be quiet."→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not.
My teacher asked me,"Don't laugh."→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5.一些注意事项
(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变.例如：
They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化.如：this/that→ these/those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there等.例如：
He said,"I haven't seen her today."→
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等.
(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序.例如：
He asked Lucy,"Where did you go?"→
He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said,"What do you want,Ann?"→
Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
森博英语优分一对一祝您学习进步!
