Confucius (born Kong Qiu,styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C.,a poor descendant of a deposed noble family.As a child,he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult,he quickly earned a reputation for fairness,politeness and love of learning,and he was reputed to be quite tall.He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital,Zhou,where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi,the founder of Daoism.
Upon his return to Lu,he gained renown as a teacher,but when he was 35,Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war,was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle,Confucius followed.Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice,but upon counsel of one of his ministers,he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his counsel.When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position,Duke Zhao refused to intervene,and Confucius returned to Lu.But conditions there were no better than before,and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying.
At age 50,he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion,but he declined.He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu,and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times,eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and,at age 56,Chief Minister of Lu.Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful,and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice holiday.When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers,Confucius resigned and left the country.
Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples,finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him killed.He was arrested once and jailed for five days,and at 62 he was pursued,along with his disciples,into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles,until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country,who sent his own soldiers to rescue them.Once again,Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high minister.After further wanderings,he eventually returned to Lu at age 67.Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain,he was not offered public office again,nor did he seek it.Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and,finally,writing.He died at 72.
孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年,元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵.作为一个孩子,他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人,他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习,他被誉为是相当高大.他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子,道家创始人.返回卢,他赢得声威当老师,但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后,孔子之后.杜克赵常找他请教,但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求.当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入,孔子返鲁.但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习.50岁时,他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱,但他拒绝.他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次,终于成为大政司司长,年仅56岁,首席部长鲁.周边国家开始担心,将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞,他们分散在公爵牺牲假期.当公爵遗弃职务领取送信,孔子辞职,离开该国.未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊,法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死.他被捕入狱后五天,他是在62追求,随着他的弟子,到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族,直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家,当年送自己的士兵拯救.再次,孔子得到它的土地,但遭到拒绝后,高律师另一个大臣.进一步漫游后,他终于回到鲁年仅67.虽然他并没有选择留欢迎,他没有向公职再次 他也不求.而他花了他多年的教学和休息,最后写作.他死在72.
