Australia,officially the Commonwealth of Australia,is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent,the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century,Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians,who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups.On 1 January 1901,the six colonies became a federation and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed.Since Federation,Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and is a Commonwealth realm.The population is 22 million,with approximately 60% concentrated in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney,Melbourne,Brisbane,Perth and Adelaide.The nation's capital city is Canberra,in the Australian Capital Territory.
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