根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用,英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等.其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分.1.主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首.如：It’s getting cold.天冷起来了.Now everything is ready.现在一切都准备好了.The teacher is very kind to us.老师对我们很好.2.谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后.如：Mother bought me a VCR.妈给我买了一台录像机.We have finished our work already.我们已经完成了工作.3.表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语.如：Be careful!小心!He looks very angry.他看上去很生气.His job is looking after sheep.他的任务是看羊.4.宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后.如：He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本.She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳.5.宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当.如：He told us to stay.他叫我们留下.I’ve never seen her dancing.我从未看见过她跳舞.I found it difficult to refuse him.我感到很难拒绝他.(from www.yygrammar.com ) 6.定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章).如：It’s an interesting story.那是一个有趣的故事.Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗?Who is the woman being operated on?正在动手术的女人是谁?7.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当.如：We like English very much.我们非常喜欢英语.Her uncle lives in Canada.她叔叔住在加拿大.She was lying in bed reading.她躺在床上看书.United we stand,divided we fall.团结则存,分裂则亡.(from www.yygrammar.com ) 8.同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语.如：This is my friend Harry.这是我的朋友哈利.We students should study hard.我们学生应该努力学习.9.独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开.如：He’s a nice person,to be sure.肯定他是一个好人.Strange to say,he did pass his exam after all.说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了.引自 http://www.yygrammar.com 再给你些英语网吧：http://www.52en.com/whbm/grammar/ http://www.sinoya.com/search_1.asp
