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英语翻译
The Ultimate Values
The range of planning and of government operation consequently will be extensive in the Good Society but more important,and logically taking priority,is the question of the values that the plan- ning and control seek to realize.
Individualism.
Certainly the ideal is "individualistic." There is an occasional passage in the literature faintly suggestive of "Oxford"
Idealism,
17
but the predominant motif is individualist,utilitarian,instrumentalist.Government is a tool to be used in the services of the individual.It has no raison d'etre beyond this.Neither state nor nation nor any less inclusive groups have purposes in themselves.They exist only to serve individuals.
Materialism.The ideal is materialistic.(Perhaps "this- worldly" is more accurate,for the claims of the spirit are encouraged so long as they arc confined to what is,if not measurable,at least observable.Thus,slum clearance is both esthetically and morally commendable.) The Good Life is chiefly a matter of the possession or enjoyment of tangible things.18 It consists,certainly,in the en-
joyment of a nutritionally adequate diet,a comfortable and healthful dwelling,and plenty of clothing.And it should include a reasonable amount of leisure for movies and picnics,adequate medical atten- tion,and insurance against the hazards of employment and unem- ployment as well as the uncertainties of old age.It might include playgrounds for the children and an annual vacation with pay.But whatever particular writers consider the minimum amount of goods and services this is the important point none of them feel that the chief aim of man is to "magnify the name of God," nor that the proper aim of the State is to become an instrument of the World Spirit.L.D.White,who makes no rash statements,summarized the common faith when he stated that "government and its admin- istrative organs exist to serve and to achieve great human ob- jectives in terms of the health,safety,and convenience of the mass of the population." 19 Since the Good Life consists to a great degree in the enjoyment of material things,science is emphasized,efficiency and economy de- manded,and industrialism highly prized.Science is the key that unlocks nature's doors,the device that lifts man above the vagaries of topography and climate.Waste of nature's treasure and "sol- diering" on a job reduce the amount of goods and services available for human consumption and hence are morally reprehensible.Since "civilization" is coterminous with large-scale and widespread enjoy- ment of goods and services,the question whether industrialization is desirable is tautological.
The Ultimate Values
The range of planning and of government operation consequently will be extensive in the Good Society but more important,and logically taking priority,is the question of the values that the plan- ning and control seek to realize.
Individualism.
Certainly the ideal is "individualistic." There is an occasional passage in the literature faintly suggestive of "Oxford"
Idealism,
17
but the predominant motif is individualist,utilitarian,instrumentalist.Government is a tool to be used in the services of the individual.It has no raison d'etre beyond this.Neither state nor nation nor any less inclusive groups have purposes in themselves.They exist only to serve individuals.
Materialism.The ideal is materialistic.(Perhaps "this- worldly" is more accurate,for the claims of the spirit are encouraged so long as they arc confined to what is,if not measurable,at least observable.Thus,slum clearance is both esthetically and morally commendable.) The Good Life is chiefly a matter of the possession or enjoyment of tangible things.18 It consists,certainly,in the en-
joyment of a nutritionally adequate diet,a comfortable and healthful dwelling,and plenty of clothing.And it should include a reasonable amount of leisure for movies and picnics,adequate medical atten- tion,and insurance against the hazards of employment and unem- ployment as well as the uncertainties of old age.It might include playgrounds for the children and an annual vacation with pay.But whatever particular writers consider the minimum amount of goods and services this is the important point none of them feel that the chief aim of man is to "magnify the name of God," nor that the proper aim of the State is to become an instrument of the World Spirit.L.D.White,who makes no rash statements,summarized the common faith when he stated that "government and its admin- istrative organs exist to serve and to achieve great human ob- jectives in terms of the health,safety,and convenience of the mass of the population." 19 Since the Good Life consists to a great degree in the enjoyment of material things,science is emphasized,efficiency and economy de- manded,and industrialism highly prized.Science is the key that unlocks nature's doors,the device that lifts man above the vagaries of topography and climate.Waste of nature's treasure and "sol- diering" on a job reduce the amount of goods and services available for human consumption and hence are morally reprehensible.Since "civilization" is coterminous with large-scale and widespread enjoy- ment of goods and services,the question whether industrialization is desirable is tautological.
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