copper 1:铜;从垃丁语cuprum来.the island of Cyprus.
copper 2:police;从cop动词"逮住"来的.earlier copper (1846),
注意,from the verb cob (1846年已经用了)
所以它尽管是口语和俗语,但是有确切来源的词汇.而且是已经一百六十年的经典词汇.
cop 1:cop,动词,抓;1695–1705; cap to arrest,Scots cap to seize 和cap 以及我们常见的have(取得,拥有)同源.是十六世纪末引入英语的词汇.
cop 2:cop,名词,警察,由copper缩短而来.(前面已经解释copper为cop动词而来)
附:Dr.Orville的一篇埔文.
A "copper" thus was the noun for "one who cops."
翻译:copper 用来作为"抓捕者"的名词.
The term "copper" was originally used in England as a slang word for a police officer.This term was used,however,as a term of abuse by criminals,especially petty street criminals.It was considered highly derogatory by the police themselves.It was made illegal in England to use this term for a police officer,because it was so derogatory.
翻译:copper的词干最初用作英格兰俚语词汇,表示一个警官.但是,这个词干被罪犯们烂(错别字)用,龙其是街道罪犯们.它被警察们自己认为是一个贬义词.在英格兰,把它用于警察是非法的.因为它严重贬义.
The term became associated with the metal copper after that law was passed,when those hoods who wanted to abuse an officer would carry a small piece of copper metal in the palm of their hand,then flash it at the policeman.This usage of "copper" got shortened to "cop." The first documented use of the term copper for a police officer is in 1846.The first documented use of the short form cop as applied to a police officer is in 1859.
这个词干在法律通过后,被(再次重新)联系到金属铜.那些想要漫骂警察的胡德党们就会在他们的手腕上带上一片铜金属.copper的这个用法返回来又缩短为cop.第一篇使用copper指警察的文档,出现在1846年.第一篇使用cop应用于警察的文档是1859年.
Even when I was a child in the US in the 1950s,though not illegal,it was still considered impolite to call a policeman a cop.We were taught it was only the bad boys who feared being caught by the police that called policemen cops.(It is only in comparatively recent history that police themselves have accepted and used the word for themselves.)
甚至1950年代我童年的美国,尽管非法,但是用cop称呼警察仍然被看作是不礼貌的.我们接受的教育中,只有害怕被警察抓住的坏男孩才称警察们为cops.它只在
相对较近的历史中,警察们才接受了它,并且自己使用cop/coppers指他们自己.
楼主的翻译是错误的.
1,coppersmith 为铜匠.而copper仅指铜.
2,smith为铁匠.
3,copper 与brass
copper是指红铜,即纯铜,顾名思义,外观红色,有金属光泽,延展性和导电性,有金属特征.
brass是指黄铜,即铜和锌的合金.顾名思义,外观黄色,也有金属光泽和一般金属特性.所以：
1）两者可以肉眼区分,因为两者颜色不同.
2）两者含铜量不同,copper是100%铜（自然界完全纯净物时不存在的,这只是说纯度很高）,brass是Zn和Cu的合金,相同体积时,铜含量没有copper高.
3）Zn和Cu分别在金属活动顺数表当中的H前后,故用酸处理,copper是不反应的,颜色也不改变.而brass中的锌会跟酸反应,随着Zn反应而含量的减少,brass颜色会慢慢变红.
4,Cu与copper
Cu 直接从cuprum(拉丁)来.Origin:< L cuprum
学习语言最好的方式是弄清一个词汇是怎么来的.才能弄清它们具体应用的区别.从上可以看出,copper or cop尽管很早1846年已经出现,但它的含义却经历了几个变化.
1,它一直是罪犯和街头混混,以及坏男孩们称呼警察的贬义词汇.这一意义上,它不是口语.
2,但是由于美国文化的发展快速性,它已经成为一个连警察自己也使用的称呼了.当然这种意义上,它是口语.
3,在英语的官方文件和政府中,只使用policeman /police station.
4,在英国,copper /cop还相对是比较保守的词汇.当然由于hellywood的影响,它已经被广泛接受.但是和英国人对话,最好不要使用它.以示尊重.
