文章1:
Before we go any further,let's remind ourselves of what an noun phrase is.My definition is:
A noun phrase is either a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.For example,'they','cars',and 'the cars' are noun phrases,but 'car' is just a noun,as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Q:Do you like cars?
A:Yes,I like them.
Q:Do you like the cars over there?
A:Yes,they are nice.
Q:Do you like the car I bought last week?
A:Yes,I like it.(Note:'It' refers to 'the car',not 'car')
If you are a little puzzled at this point,try and think of some further examples of noun phrases using the definition above,and compare your examples with simple nouns.
The structure of noun phrases.
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文章2:
Notice that several forms classes can be "reused." For example,in the noun phrase it is possible to use quantifiers to function as pre-determiners or as post-determiners.This kind of "recycling" is known as recursion.Notice also that phrases and even whole clauses can be "recycled" into the noun phrase.This process of placing a phrase of clause within another phrase of clause is called embedding.It is through the processes of recursion and embedding that we are able to take a finite number of forms (words and phrases) and construct an infinite number of expressions.Furthermore,embedding also allows us to construct an infinitely long structure,in theory anyway.
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文章3:
Noun phrases normally consist of a head noun,which is optionally modified ("premodified" If the modifier is placed before the noun; "postmodified" if the modifier is placed after the noun).Possible modifiers include:
determiners:articles (the,a),demonstratives (this,that),numerals (two,five,etc.),possessives (my,their,etc.),and quantifiers (some,many,etc.).In English,determiners are usually placed before the noun;
adjectives (the red ball); or
complements,in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as:the student of physics),or a That-clause (the claim that the earth is round);
modifiers; premodifiers if placed before the noun and usually either as nouns (the university student) or adjectives (the beautiful lady),or postmodifiers if placed after the noun.A postmodifier may be either a prepositional phrase (the man with long hair) or a relative clause (the house where I live).The difference between modifiers and complements is that complements complete the meaning of the noun; complements are necessary,whereas modifiers are optional because they just give additional information about the noun.
That noun phrases can be headed by elements other than nouns — for instance,pronouns (They came) or determiners ((I'll take these)) — has given rise to the postulation of a Determiner
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