和汉语一样: 名词类的是主语或者宾语. 动词或动词短语是谓语. 修饰名词的是定语. 修饰动作的是状语. 补充说明的是补语. 例1:I have a red pen . I---------------主语 have------------谓语 red-------------定语 pen-------------宾语 例2:He comes back soon,book in hand. He---------主语 come back---------谓语 soon-----------状语 book in hand------补语