work,job这两个词虽然都有“工作”的意思,但却是近义词.
work 作名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思(在这一意义上的同义词有labour,toil),又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思(在这一意义上的同义词有employment,occupation,calling).
I like garden too,but I don't like hard work.
我也喜欢花园,但是我不喜欢辛苦的劳动.
You have done a day's work in three hours.
你在三个小时内完成了一天的工作.
The children were at school,my husband was at work and the house was quiet.
孩子们上学去了,我丈夫去上班了,所以家里很安静.
Work on it had begun before my sister left.
这座房子的工程在我姐姐离开之前就已经开始了.
He is finding his new work far more exciting.
他现在发觉自己的新工作更加令人兴奋.
He is now out of work.
他现在失业了.
job 作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义：一个是“干活”的“活”,一个作为职业的“事”.job作“干活”的“活”解时的同义词有task,duty,assignment等；job作为职业的“事”解时有如下的同义词：position,place,situation,post等.
When you start a job,you must stick to it.
一旦你开始了一件工作,他就得持之以恒.
It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
修理自行车就是他的话,而且常常是一天要干14个小时.
I'm not going to wash the dishes,that's your job.
我不洗那些盘子,那是你的事.
He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London.
然后,他问我的兄弟可好,又问我是否喜欢在伦敦的新工作.
Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will,for Alf has just found another job.
阿尔夫的妻子从来没有发现自己嫁给了一个清洁工,而且她再也不能发现自己丈夫是清洁工了,因为阿尔夫刚刚找到一种别的工作.
He is out of a job.
他现在失业了.
注：用英语表达“失业”,work和job这两个词都可以用,但是如果用job就必须用不定冠词a,如果用work,则不用不定冠词.
work,labour,toil这组名词的一般含义为“工作”或“劳动”.
work 可以指体力劳动、脑力劳动或机器干的活.从最广义上讲,它可以指大自然活动的任何结果.
I like gardens too,but I do not like hard work.
我也喜欢花园,但是我不喜欢艰苦的劳动.
But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows,and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.
然而,作为一个老年人,他经历过人生的欢乐和忧伤,而且完成了他份内要做的一切工作,怕死就有点儿卑鄙和不光彩了.
labour 指人类体力、脑力的劳动,但更强调吃力、费劲或努力.此外,labour创造人类赖以生存的物质和精神财富.
Labour is doing what we must.
劳动就是做必需做的事.
The majority of men there earn their living by manual labour.
那里绝大多数人靠体力劳动谋生.
The computer is a typical labour-saving machine.
计算机是一种典型的节省劳动力的机器.
toil 强调长时间的而且令人感到非常疲劳的辛苦劳动,但未必一概指体力劳动.
The farmer's toil was rewarded with good crops.
那个农夫以辛勤的劳动换得了好收成.
work,employment,occupation,calling,pursuit这组同义词的一般概念是“职业”.work是最普通的词,没有什么特色,似乎可以代替本组词中的任何一个.
Even so,people are going to find it difficult to get to work.
即使如此,人们将仍然感到上班很难.
He is finding his new work far more exciting.
他现在觉得自己的新工作更加令人兴奋.
employment所表示的“职业”总含有为了谋生或挣工资、薪水而被雇用的意思,雇主可以是工业、企业或任何行业的老板,也可以是主仆概念的主人
The workman went from town to town,working when he could find employment.
那个工人从一个城镇流浪到另一个城镇,找到职业时就干点活.
occupation可以表示employment的含义,但employment不能表示occupation的一切含义,因为occupation所表示的“职业”可以不含有为挣工资、薪水而工作的意思,也不包含雇用的意思.例如：老板的occupation是为了利润而工作.此外,occupation所指的“职业”可以是简单劳动也可以是复杂劳动
He wanted to look for occupation suited to his abilities.
他想找个适合自己才能的职业
He is a factory director by occupation.
他的职业是做厂长.
calling和occupation的差异仅在于：calling是应上帝的召唤而去工作,也可以是出于本人的天性或情趣而去工作.pursuit与occupation的含义最接近,但偏向于从事trade,craft和profession等“行业”的人的“职业”.
Teaching is an honourable calling.
教书是光荣的职业.
His calling is that of a doctor.
他的职业是行医.
What's your pursuit?
你是做什么工作的?
He has been engaged in literary pursuits.
他从事了文学生涯.
