现在分词短语作状语
可以表示时间、伴随、原因、方式、结果、条件等.
1 原因,相当于原因状语从句
Being ill (As he was ill),she didn’t go to school yesterday.
Not knowing her telephone number,I couldn’t ring her up.
注：如果现在分词表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生,就需要用现在分词的完成式.
Having finished my work ahead of time (Because I had finished my work ahead of time),I was allowed to go home.
2 时间,相当于时间状语从句
Hearing the good news,(When he heard the good news),he jumped with joy.
Walking in the street (While he was walking in the street),he saw his old friend.
注：如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作是同时发生,常在现在分词短语前加上when或while
Be careful when crossing the street.(When you cross the street)
While waiting for the bus,(While I was waiting for the bus)I had a long talk with Jackie.
注：如果现在分词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成式
Having had supper (After he had supper),he did some shopping with his wife.
3 行为方式、伴随状况,表示与主句的动作同时发生,相当于一个并列句或并列的谓语动词
He sat at the table reading a magazine.He sat at the table and read a magazine.
She stood at the station waiting for the bus.She stood at the station and waited for the bus.
注：这样用时,现在分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致.
4 结果
He died in 1980,leaving his wife and four children.
5 条件 相当于一个条件状语从句
Working hard,you will succeed.If you work hard,you will succeed.
Turning to the right,you will find the hotel.If you turn to the right,you will find the hotel.
与过去分词短语一样,现在分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,要是分词有自己的逻辑主语,这种结构叫做独立主格,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,有时还表示原因、时间或条件.
