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Not surprisingly the commercial success of these materials has prompted detailed studies of their mechanistic actions.The reader's attention is drawn to several reviews which have already appeared in this area.The work of Wirth and Andreas presents a good overall view of the preventive and curative actions exhibited by organotin compounds in PVC stabilisation.Most writers in the PVC field appear to favour either the ionic decomposition mechanism3 or the free radical mechanism.' Exponents of the former mode of decomposition relate stabilisation closely with the ability to replace 'active' chlorine atoms within the polymer.A review by the Russian workers Minsker,Kolesov and Zaikov high-lights the main structural defects within the polymer which arc believed to give rise to the elirnination of HCI.The early work of Winkler and Stromberg et a1.,and the more recent review by Cooray and Scott,however,serve to highlight the alternative view that the free radical initiated decomposition process is the more important (particularly under dynamic processing conditions).A slightly later review by Brecker supports the now rather out-moded theories of Frye,Horst and Paliobagis with regard to coordination between active chlorine atoms within PVC and the central tin atom of the organotin compound.This review,however,does give an excellent description of the organotin stabilisers which are of real commercial significance.Another group of Russian workers,Troitskii et al.,have undertaken the mammoth task of comparing the stabilising activity of 40 different organotin compounds.A comprehensive comparison cm- ploying several different experimental techniques was performed.The most recent review in this area appears to be the chapter by Blunden,Cusack and Hill in The Industrial Uses of Organotin Compounds.This work covers almost all aspects of stabilisation by organotin compounds,ranging from structural irregularitics within the polymer,through mechanisms of action,to general aspects of stabilisation involving toxicology,odour,migration,compatibility and lubrication during processing.
Not surprisingly the commercial success of these materials has prompted detailed studies of their mechanistic actions.The reader's attention is drawn to several reviews which have already appeared in this area.The work of Wirth and Andreas presents a good overall view of the preventive and curative actions exhibited by organotin compounds in PVC stabilisation.Most writers in the PVC field appear to favour either the ionic decomposition mechanism3 or the free radical mechanism.' Exponents of the former mode of decomposition relate stabilisation closely with the ability to replace 'active' chlorine atoms within the polymer.A review by the Russian workers Minsker,Kolesov and Zaikov high-lights the main structural defects within the polymer which arc believed to give rise to the elirnination of HCI.The early work of Winkler and Stromberg et a1.,and the more recent review by Cooray and Scott,however,serve to highlight the alternative view that the free radical initiated decomposition process is the more important (particularly under dynamic processing conditions).A slightly later review by Brecker supports the now rather out-moded theories of Frye,Horst and Paliobagis with regard to coordination between active chlorine atoms within PVC and the central tin atom of the organotin compound.This review,however,does give an excellent description of the organotin stabilisers which are of real commercial significance.Another group of Russian workers,Troitskii et al.,have undertaken the mammoth task of comparing the stabilising activity of 40 different organotin compounds.A comprehensive comparison cm- ploying several different experimental techniques was performed.The most recent review in this area appears to be the chapter by Blunden,Cusack and Hill in The Industrial Uses of Organotin Compounds.This work covers almost all aspects of stabilisation by organotin compounds,ranging from structural irregularitics within the polymer,through mechanisms of action,to general aspects of stabilisation involving toxicology,odour,migration,compatibility and lubrication during processing.
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