帮忙分析几个英语句子的句子成分,并详细的翻译一下!

问题描述:

帮忙分析几个英语句子的句子成分,并详细的翻译一下!
比如句子中有短语或成语找出来翻译一下.加引号部分是最不理解的,请帮忙分成几个部分,详细讲一下,谢谢!
我自己查词典翻译时总是很不通顺,看不全懂.
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans,“ the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. ”
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了.
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and“ disposal of refuse”.
6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大.
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions “that only obscure one’s meaning”.
7.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达.
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, “less severe interiors”.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感.
10. The knee is the joints “where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. ”
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处.
好的绝对加分,100分!
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-11-15

问题解答:

我来补答
4.
because of… 因为……;由于……
与because用法相同,只不过其后面接的是短语,而because后面接的是从句.
the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
首先“the use of phenol(苯酚的用途)”为主语.
“as a general antiseptic(作为一种常用防腐剂)”作为定语修饰主语,说明“苯酚的用途”是“作为常用防腐剂”.
“has been …discontinued”为谓语,“largely”为程度副词作状语修饰谓语.
另外此句为现在完成时,从“has been……”可看出.
即可译为:作为常用防腐剂的苯酚已被大量终止了.
前半句为原因状语从句,修饰后半句.整体直译为:苯酚作为常用防腐剂已被大量终止,是由于它对人体带有刺激性的作用.
当然,翻译不会这么死,它是一门学问,通常要考虑多方面的因素,然后对句子作出一定调整,最终目的是使翻译出来的句子更连贯优美,完整易懂,只要大体意思保持不变,就勿需斤斤计较.
6.
The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and“ disposal of refuse”.
“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”的结构中,表示“越……就越……”.
牛津词典解释:the more,less,etc. ..., the more,less,etc. ...(用以表示两个事物按照同一程度变化)越……越,愈……愈;(P1828)
“disposal of refuse”
disposal:n.1、清除,处理;2、排列,布置.
refuse:vt&vi.拒绝;回绝 n.废物;垃圾.
of:(13)用于一个名字修饰另一个名词时(p1191)
此处译为“垃圾处理”.
7.
It 用作形式主语 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾.此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义.
It 作形式主语的常见句型: ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. (为此处情况)
另注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致.
“to write simply, directly, and effectively”与“to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
【可暂时将句子简化为“it is more difficult to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.”
此处that引导的为同位语从句修饰前面的名词短语.
同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容.与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用.(http://www.hebeav.com/html/news_read.do?newsPath=2010/1/7/1262829923956.html)
在此处“only obscure one's meaning(模糊……的意义)”是对前面的“vague expressions(模糊表达)”进行说明——怎样的含糊表达,意义模糊的含糊表达.
可译为:使用花哨,含糊而意义模糊的表达很困难.】
8.
with+名词/代词+分词. 译为“随着……”(详解参考:http://www.docin.com/p-58449873.html)
“less severe interiors”内部不那么严肃.
10.
where引导定语从句
一个句子where前面要是有先行词来做where的修饰对象则where引导的是定语从句,如果没有先行词,则引导的是状语从句.where引导的定语从句中where一般修饰表示地点的名词,如house,home,place等.where引导的状语从句则是修饰句子的主语.
"the thigh bone"大腿骨
"the large bone of the lower leg"小腿胫
"joint"连接处
膝盖是连接处,哪里的连接处?——“where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg(大腿骨与小腿胫相遇的地方)”
 
 
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