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INTRODUCTION:Black root rot is a complex disease of strawberry that can reduce
plant vigor and productivity (Wing et al,1994).Several pathogens,including Rhizoctonia
and Pythium,are causal agents of this disease and may be introduced into transplant and
field production systems on infested plant material (Abad et al.2002; Martin,2000).In
addition,Phytophthora spp.cause crown rot,root rot,and plant death.In previous
strawberry trials,we have routinely isolated several pathogens from root lesions both
prior to planting and after field setting.Among the most frequently isolated pathogens
were:Phytophthora cactorum,Pythium irregulare,Rhizoctonia fragariae,and Fusarium
spp.(Ferguson et al.2003).Pre-plant isolations from both bare-root plants and plugs
produced from runner tips showed substantial levels of colonization with damaging
soilborne pathogens.Although the use of “disease-free" plants,now made available by
the NC certification program,should reduce foliar and fruit diseases,the impact of this
program on the root rot complex will be minimal.Currently,management of strawberry
root rots relies nearly exclusively on chemicals,particularly fumigation with methyl
bromide.In trials conducted in the Southeastern states,up to 25% yield losses can occur
if soil fumigation is not used compared to methyl bromide fumigation (Ferguson et al.
2001,2002).Although we have made substantial progress in developing chemical and
compost-based alternatives to MB (Ferguson et al.2003; Fernandez et al 2000; Louws et
al.2000),infested transplants still present a serious risk to growers even if an alternative
fumigant is adopted.Management practices that favor biocontrol activity and reduce the
risk of root rot development during the growing season are needed.
The goal of this component of our research program is to develop and implement an IPM
system for managing strawberry root rots with emphasis on biological approaches.
Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity against soil borne
pathogens.We have evaluated the effectiveness of two Trichoderma biocontrol strains in
suppressing root rot and promoting plant growth and productivity on strawberry.
INTRODUCTION:Black root rot is a complex disease of strawberry that can reduce
plant vigor and productivity (Wing et al,1994).Several pathogens,including Rhizoctonia
and Pythium,are causal agents of this disease and may be introduced into transplant and
field production systems on infested plant material (Abad et al.2002; Martin,2000).In
addition,Phytophthora spp.cause crown rot,root rot,and plant death.In previous
strawberry trials,we have routinely isolated several pathogens from root lesions both
prior to planting and after field setting.Among the most frequently isolated pathogens
were:Phytophthora cactorum,Pythium irregulare,Rhizoctonia fragariae,and Fusarium
spp.(Ferguson et al.2003).Pre-plant isolations from both bare-root plants and plugs
produced from runner tips showed substantial levels of colonization with damaging
soilborne pathogens.Although the use of “disease-free" plants,now made available by
the NC certification program,should reduce foliar and fruit diseases,the impact of this
program on the root rot complex will be minimal.Currently,management of strawberry
root rots relies nearly exclusively on chemicals,particularly fumigation with methyl
bromide.In trials conducted in the Southeastern states,up to 25% yield losses can occur
if soil fumigation is not used compared to methyl bromide fumigation (Ferguson et al.
2001,2002).Although we have made substantial progress in developing chemical and
compost-based alternatives to MB (Ferguson et al.2003; Fernandez et al 2000; Louws et
al.2000),infested transplants still present a serious risk to growers even if an alternative
fumigant is adopted.Management practices that favor biocontrol activity and reduce the
risk of root rot development during the growing season are needed.
The goal of this component of our research program is to develop and implement an IPM
system for managing strawberry root rots with emphasis on biological approaches.
Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity against soil borne
pathogens.We have evaluated the effectiveness of two Trichoderma biocontrol strains in
suppressing root rot and promoting plant growth and productivity on strawberry.
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