问题描述：
求助高三英语谓语非谓语区别和用法
尽量具体 我高三了犹豫以前不怎么...学英文,所以现在从基础抓起...语法书上太混乱.
谓语和非谓语区别是什么?分别怎么用?
尽量具体 我高三了犹豫以前不怎么...学英文,所以现在从基础抓起...语法书上太混乱.
谓语和非谓语区别是什么?分别怎么用?
问题解答：
我来补答
谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后.
谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语.
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现.例如：
I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况：
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：
What does this word mean?
I won’t do it again.
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.
You’d better catch a bus.
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语.例如：
You look the same.
We are all here.
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.
Keep quite and listen to me.
He looked worried.
We have to be up early in the moming.
Is Bill in?
School Is over. Let’s go home.
My pen is in my bag.
I feel terrible.
I* fell tried all the time.
He seemed rather tired last night.
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割；有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了.
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、
表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义.
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣.(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
（3）不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语也是不定式（表示结果）.
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见.
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活.
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用.
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务.
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮.
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方.一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”.所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式.换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳.
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的.
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服.
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息,他们非常激动.
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求：
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝
decide决定 learn学习 vow起
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议
seek找,寻觅 try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使
allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿
announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使
bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求
assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定,表示
advise劝告 exhort告诫,勉励 pray请求
authorize授权,委托 help帮助 recommend劝告,推荐
bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒
beg请求 induce引诱 report报告
compel强迫 invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤
command命令 intend想要,企图 show 显示
drive驱赶 mean意欲,打算 train训练
cause引起 instruct指示 require要求
deserve应受 leave使,让 tell告诉
direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱
entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫
enable使能够 need需要 urge激励,力说
encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要
condemn指责,谴责 lead引起,使得 teach教
entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认,自认 cease 停止 mention说到,讲到
admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢,讨厌
advocate：提倡,主张 complete完成 dread可怕
appreciate 感激,欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受
avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有,喜爱
bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can’t help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑,逃避
can’t stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口
consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想,爱好
favor 造成,偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟
figure描绘,计算 miss错过 resent怨恨
finish完成,结束不得 pardon原谅,饶恕 resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复
imagine设想 postpone延迟,延期 risk冒险
involve卷入,包含 practise 实行,实践 suggest建议
hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救,储蓄
keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持,忍受
loathe非常讨厌,厌恶 recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会.
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事）,目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5）try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）
proposing doing建议（做某事）
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
（注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词.例如：
I should like to see him tomorrow．
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思.
Don’t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身.
I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法.(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法.(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心.
Let’s try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作.
I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情.
This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院.
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的.
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的.
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃.
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做.
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去.
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字.
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的.
http://wodezhouyou.blogdriver.com/wodezhouyou/852999.html
谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语.
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现.例如：
I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况：
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：
What does this word mean?
I won’t do it again.
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.
You’d better catch a bus.
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语.例如：
You look the same.
We are all here.
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.
Keep quite and listen to me.
He looked worried.
We have to be up early in the moming.
Is Bill in?
School Is over. Let’s go home.
My pen is in my bag.
I feel terrible.
I* fell tried all the time.
He seemed rather tired last night.
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割；有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了.
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、
表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义.
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作.
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣.(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
（3）不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语也是不定式（表示结果）.
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见.
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活.
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用.
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务.
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮.
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方.一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”.所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式.换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳.
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的.
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服.
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息,他们非常激动.
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求：
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法
cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供
beg请求 fail不能 plan计划
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许
start开始 undertake承接 want想要
consent同意,赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝
decide决定 learn学习 vow起
contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议
seek找,寻觅 try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使
allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿
announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使
bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求
assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定,表示
advise劝告 exhort告诫,勉励 pray请求
authorize授权,委托 help帮助 recommend劝告,推荐
bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒
beg请求 induce引诱 report报告
compel强迫 invite吸引,邀请, summon传唤
command命令 intend想要,企图 show 显示
drive驱赶 mean意欲,打算 train训练
cause引起 instruct指示 require要求
deserve应受 leave使,让 tell告诉
direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱
entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫
enable使能够 need需要 urge激励,力说
encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要
condemn指责,谴责 lead引起,使得 teach教
entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认,自认 cease 停止 mention说到,讲到
admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢,讨厌
advocate：提倡,主张 complete完成 dread可怕
appreciate 感激,欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受
avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有,喜爱
bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒
can’t help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑,逃避
can’t stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口
consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想,爱好
favor 造成,偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟
figure描绘,计算 miss错过 resent怨恨
finish完成,结束不得 pardon原谅,饶恕 resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复
imagine设想 postpone延迟,延期 risk冒险
involve卷入,包含 practise 实行,实践 suggest建议
hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救,储蓄
keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持,忍受
loathe非常讨厌,厌恶 recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会.
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事）,目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5）try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）
proposing doing建议（做某事）
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
（注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词.例如：
I should like to see him tomorrow．
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思.
Don’t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身.
I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法.(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法.(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心.
Let’s try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作.
I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情.
This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院.
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的.
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的.
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃.
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做.
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去.
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字.
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的.
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