一、主动语态和被动语态概说
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者.被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：
Everybody likes him.大家都喜欢他.(主动语态)
He is liked by everybody.他受到大家的喜欢.(被动语态)
二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词),将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：
He broke the cup.→ The cup was broken by him.
【注意】若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：
He was born in 1986.他生于1986年.
What is this flower called?这种花叫什么花?
2.双宾动词的被动语态
双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态时,通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：
He answered me that question.→ I was answered that question by him.
有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关)：
He wrote her a letter.→ A letter was written to her.(与动词write搭配用介词to)
She made him a new coat.→ A new coat was made for him.(与动词make搭配用介词for)
有时以上两种方式均可用：
He gave her some money.他给她一些钱.
→ She was given some money./ Some money was given to him.
He bought her a watch.他给她买了一块表.
→ A watch was bought for her./ She was bought a watch.
3.被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现,其基本结构和用法如下：
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：am [is,are]+过去分词
English is taught in our school.我们学校学英语.
We are taken good care of at school.我们在学校受到很好的照顾.
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：was [were]+过去分词
He was taken to the police station.他被带到了警察局.
The house was built ten years ago.这座房子是10年前建的.
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词
A new building will be built here soon.不久这里将建一栋新楼.
The meeting will be held at two this afternoon.会议将于今天下午2点举行.
(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：have [has]been+过去分词
All the work has been done now.所有的工作现在都做好了.
Have the letters been posted?信都寄了吗?
(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词
He said the work had been finished.他说工作已完成了.
(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：am [is,are] being+过去分词
My watch is being repaired by him.我的表正在由他修理.
The plan is now being discussed.计划现在正在讨论.
(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：was [were] being+过去分词
He said that the man was being operated on.他说那个人正在动手术.
He told me that a new station was being built.他说正在修建一个新车站.
(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：would be+过去分词
He said that the meeting would be held next week.他说会议将于下周举于.
4.含有情态动词的被动形式
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”：
Everyone must know this.→This must be known by everyone.
请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：
This can’t be done in a short time.这不是短期内可以完成的.
Can this be done by machine?这可以由机器来做吗?
The work must be done at once.这工作必须马上做了.
