问题描述：
pride and prejudice写作特点和文章的主题
另外再帮着小弟查查jane eyre和tess of d'urbervilles写作特点和文章的主题
另外再帮着小弟查查jane eyre和tess of d'urbervilles写作特点和文章的主题
问题解答：
我来补答
the themes of pride and prejudic
abstract: in this article, we attempt to show the themes of pride and prejudice. firstly i will show something about the author jane austen and pride and prejudice. then the main themes of pride and prejudice: love, reputation, class, courtship and pride. the last part of the paper shows that this great novel not only attracted thousands of readers in austen’s time, but also gave a special feeling to today’s people.
> key words: pride, prejudice, theme
>
> 1.the author and pride and prejudice
> 1.1.the author
> the english author jane austen lived from 1775 to 1817. her six novels are northanger abbey, sense and sensibility, pride and prejudice, mansfield park, emma, persuasion.her novels are highly prized not only for their light irony, humor, and depiction of contemporary english country life, but also for their underlying serious qualities. she was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in later english fiction. she is also sparing of describing the internal thoughts and emotions of male characters (thus in pride and prejudice, much of darcy's admiration for elizabeth bennet is expressed by means of convenient conversations with caroline bingley).
> 1.2. information about pride and prejudice
> first published in 1813, pride and prejudice has consistently been jane austen's most popular novel. it portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between elizabeth bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty darcy. the title pride and prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which elizabeth and darcy first view each other. the original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title first impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of letters.
>
> 2.the themes of pride and prejudice
> 2.1. love between darcy and elizabeth
> as in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities. elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while darcy’s prejudice against elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues. of course, one could also say that elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and darcy of pride?the title cuts both ways. austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between elizabeth and darcy, including lady catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, miss bingley’s snobbery, mrs. bennet’s idiocy, and wickham’s deceit. in each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. darcy and elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.
> austen does sound some more realist (or, one could say, cynical) notes about love, using the character of charlotte lucas, who marries the buffoon mr. collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage. yet with her central characters, austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.
> 2.2 reputation ___a woman’s reputation is of the utmost important
> pride and prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance. a woman is expected to behave in certain ways. stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism. this theme appears in the novel, when elizabeth walks to netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious miss bingley and her friends.
> at other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of mrs. bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined (and snobbish) darcys and bingleys. austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when lydia elopes with wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter. by becoming wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire bennet family.
> the fact that lydia’s judgment, however terrible, would likely have condemned the other bennet sisters to marriageless lives seems grossly unfair. why should elizabeth’s reputation suffer along with lydia’s? darcy’s intervention on the bennets’ behalf thus becomes all the more generous, but some readers might resent that such an intervention was necessary at all. if darcy’s money had failed to convince wickham to marry lydia, would darcy have still married elizabeth? does his transcendence of prejudice extend that far? the happy ending of pride and prejudice is certainly emotionally satisfying, but in many ways it leaves the theme of reputation, and the importance placed on reputation, unexplored.
> 2.3.class boundaries and prejudice
> the theme of class is related to reputation, in that both reflect the strictly regimented nature of life for the middle and upper classes in regency england. the lines of class are strictly drawn. while the bennets, who are middle class, may socialize with the upper-class bingleys and darcys, they are clearly their social inferiors and are treated as such. austen satirizes this kind of class-consciousness, particularly in the character of mr. collins, who spends most of his time toadying to his upper-class patron, lady catherine de bourgh. though mr. collins offers an extreme example, he is not the only one to hold such views. his conception of the importance of class is shared, among others, by mr. darcy, who believes in the dignity of his lineage; miss bingley, who dislikes anyone not as socially accepted as she is; and wickham, who will do anything he can to get enough money to raise himself into a higher station.
> mr. collins’s views are merely the most extreme and obvious. the satire directed at mr. collins is therefore also more subtly directed at the entire social hierarchy and the conception of all those within it at its correctness, in complete disregard of other, more worthy virtues. through the darcy-elizabeth and bingley-jane marriages, austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudices, thereby implying that such prejudices are hollow, unfeeling, and unproductive. of course, this whole discussion of class must be made with the understanding that austen herself is often criticized as being a classist: she doesn’t really represent anyone from the lower classes; those servants she does portray are generally happy with their lot. austen does criticize class structure but only a limited slice of that structure.
> 2.4.courtship __those between darcy and elizabeth and between bingley and jane
> in a sense, pride and prejudice is the story of two courtships?those between darcy and elizabeth and between bingley and jane. within this broad structure appear other, smaller courtships: mr. collins’s aborted wooing of elizabeth, followed by his successful wooing of charlotte lucas; miss bingley’s unsuccessful attempt to attract darcy; wickham’s pursuit first of elizabeth, then of the never-seen miss king, and finally of lydia. courtship therefore takes on a profound, if often unspoken, importance in the novel. marriage is the ultimate goal, courtship constitutes the real working-out of love. courtship becomes a sort of forge of a person’s personality, and each courtship becomes a microcosm for different sorts of love (or different ways to abuse love as a means to social advancement).
> 2.5. two ways of pride: positive and negative
> the two major themes of jane austen's pride and prejudice are summed up in the title. the first aspect can be traced in the actions and statements of all of the work's major and many of its minor characters. pride is the character flaw that causes elizabeth bennet to dislike fitzwilliam darcy upon their first meeting. she perceives in him a cold aloofness that she attributes to his own inflated opinion of himself. yet elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw; her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.
> the concept of pride can be defined in two ways: positive and negative. possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity. on the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness. mr. fitzwilliam darcy displays the positive side of pride while mr. bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases. darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name. he takes pride in these things and does anything he can in order to protect them. but mr. bennet who is responsible as a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does not take pride in his family or his responsibility; mr. bennet instead ridicules the members of his family and in turn does not control their unruly actions.
>
> 3.conclusion
> pride and prejudice was the representative work of jane austen. it gave a vivid expression of the reactionary and traditional country life and people’s minds during 18th centuries and 19th centuries in britain to us. this great novel not only attracted thousands of readers in austen’s time, but also gave a special feeling to today’s people. in order to make much more people know the book, the paper shows the main idea of the pride and prejudice
abstract: in this article, we attempt to show the themes of pride and prejudice. firstly i will show something about the author jane austen and pride and prejudice. then the main themes of pride and prejudice: love, reputation, class, courtship and pride. the last part of the paper shows that this great novel not only attracted thousands of readers in austen’s time, but also gave a special feeling to today’s people.
> key words: pride, prejudice, theme
>
> 1.the author and pride and prejudice
> 1.1.the author
> the english author jane austen lived from 1775 to 1817. her six novels are northanger abbey, sense and sensibility, pride and prejudice, mansfield park, emma, persuasion.her novels are highly prized not only for their light irony, humor, and depiction of contemporary english country life, but also for their underlying serious qualities. she was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in later english fiction. she is also sparing of describing the internal thoughts and emotions of male characters (thus in pride and prejudice, much of darcy's admiration for elizabeth bennet is expressed by means of convenient conversations with caroline bingley).
> 1.2. information about pride and prejudice
> first published in 1813, pride and prejudice has consistently been jane austen's most popular novel. it portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between elizabeth bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty darcy. the title pride and prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which elizabeth and darcy first view each other. the original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title first impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of letters.
>
> 2.the themes of pride and prejudice
> 2.1. love between darcy and elizabeth
> as in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities. elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while darcy’s prejudice against elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues. of course, one could also say that elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and darcy of pride?the title cuts both ways. austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between elizabeth and darcy, including lady catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, miss bingley’s snobbery, mrs. bennet’s idiocy, and wickham’s deceit. in each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. darcy and elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.
> austen does sound some more realist (or, one could say, cynical) notes about love, using the character of charlotte lucas, who marries the buffoon mr. collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage. yet with her central characters, austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.
> 2.2 reputation ___a woman’s reputation is of the utmost important
> pride and prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance. a woman is expected to behave in certain ways. stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism. this theme appears in the novel, when elizabeth walks to netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious miss bingley and her friends.
> at other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of mrs. bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined (and snobbish) darcys and bingleys. austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when lydia elopes with wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter. by becoming wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire bennet family.
> the fact that lydia’s judgment, however terrible, would likely have condemned the other bennet sisters to marriageless lives seems grossly unfair. why should elizabeth’s reputation suffer along with lydia’s? darcy’s intervention on the bennets’ behalf thus becomes all the more generous, but some readers might resent that such an intervention was necessary at all. if darcy’s money had failed to convince wickham to marry lydia, would darcy have still married elizabeth? does his transcendence of prejudice extend that far? the happy ending of pride and prejudice is certainly emotionally satisfying, but in many ways it leaves the theme of reputation, and the importance placed on reputation, unexplored.
> 2.3.class boundaries and prejudice
> the theme of class is related to reputation, in that both reflect the strictly regimented nature of life for the middle and upper classes in regency england. the lines of class are strictly drawn. while the bennets, who are middle class, may socialize with the upper-class bingleys and darcys, they are clearly their social inferiors and are treated as such. austen satirizes this kind of class-consciousness, particularly in the character of mr. collins, who spends most of his time toadying to his upper-class patron, lady catherine de bourgh. though mr. collins offers an extreme example, he is not the only one to hold such views. his conception of the importance of class is shared, among others, by mr. darcy, who believes in the dignity of his lineage; miss bingley, who dislikes anyone not as socially accepted as she is; and wickham, who will do anything he can to get enough money to raise himself into a higher station.
> mr. collins’s views are merely the most extreme and obvious. the satire directed at mr. collins is therefore also more subtly directed at the entire social hierarchy and the conception of all those within it at its correctness, in complete disregard of other, more worthy virtues. through the darcy-elizabeth and bingley-jane marriages, austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudices, thereby implying that such prejudices are hollow, unfeeling, and unproductive. of course, this whole discussion of class must be made with the understanding that austen herself is often criticized as being a classist: she doesn’t really represent anyone from the lower classes; those servants she does portray are generally happy with their lot. austen does criticize class structure but only a limited slice of that structure.
> 2.4.courtship __those between darcy and elizabeth and between bingley and jane
> in a sense, pride and prejudice is the story of two courtships?those between darcy and elizabeth and between bingley and jane. within this broad structure appear other, smaller courtships: mr. collins’s aborted wooing of elizabeth, followed by his successful wooing of charlotte lucas; miss bingley’s unsuccessful attempt to attract darcy; wickham’s pursuit first of elizabeth, then of the never-seen miss king, and finally of lydia. courtship therefore takes on a profound, if often unspoken, importance in the novel. marriage is the ultimate goal, courtship constitutes the real working-out of love. courtship becomes a sort of forge of a person’s personality, and each courtship becomes a microcosm for different sorts of love (or different ways to abuse love as a means to social advancement).
> 2.5. two ways of pride: positive and negative
> the two major themes of jane austen's pride and prejudice are summed up in the title. the first aspect can be traced in the actions and statements of all of the work's major and many of its minor characters. pride is the character flaw that causes elizabeth bennet to dislike fitzwilliam darcy upon their first meeting. she perceives in him a cold aloofness that she attributes to his own inflated opinion of himself. yet elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw; her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate darcy in the face of evidence in his favor.
> the concept of pride can be defined in two ways: positive and negative. possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity. on the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness. mr. fitzwilliam darcy displays the positive side of pride while mr. bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases. darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name. he takes pride in these things and does anything he can in order to protect them. but mr. bennet who is responsible as a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does not take pride in his family or his responsibility; mr. bennet instead ridicules the members of his family and in turn does not control their unruly actions.
>
> 3.conclusion
> pride and prejudice was the representative work of jane austen. it gave a vivid expression of the reactionary and traditional country life and people’s minds during 18th centuries and 19th centuries in britain to us. this great novel not only attracted thousands of readers in austen’s time, but also gave a special feeling to today’s people. in order to make much more people know the book, the paper shows the main idea of the pride and prejudice
展开全文阅读