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4.Five post-linguallydeaf adults(言语和语言形成后,（通常4周岁以后）出现耳聋称为语后耳聋) participated in the study (Figure 1a).These subjects hadprofound hearing loss in both ears (average hearing loss,101 dB).All but one had received a cochlear implant (Figure 1b; gray).The hearing loss for the subjects with cochlear implants was sensorineural感觉神经的 in origin; the remaining subject,who wore a hearing aid,had a mixed sensorineural and conductive传导性的 hearing loss (see Methods).Six age-matched control subjects (average hearing loss,13 dB) had hearing typical of their age range (Figure 1b; black).During the experimental session,a robotic device applied a mechanical load to负载 jaw as the subject repeated aloud test-utterances测试发音 that were chosen randomly from a set of four (saw,say,sass,sane) and displayed on a computer monitor.The mechanical load was velocity- dependent and acted to displace the jaw in a protrusion突出,direction,altering改变 somatosensory体觉的 but not auditory feedback9,17,18.Subjects were trained over the course of three hundred utterances发音.
Sensorimotor learning was evaluated using a measure of movement curvature弯曲 to quantify adaptation.Curvature was measured at the point of maximum jaw lowering velocity and was calculated as jaw protrusion隆起物 divided by the magnitude大小 of jaw elevation高度 at this point.The hearing-impaired听觉有缺陷的 subjects were trained with their implant or hearing aid turned off,while control subjects had full hearing during training.
4.Five post-linguallydeaf adults(言语和语言形成后,（通常4周岁以后）出现耳聋称为语后耳聋) participated in the study (Figure 1a).These subjects hadprofound hearing loss in both ears (average hearing loss,101 dB).All but one had received a cochlear implant (Figure 1b; gray).The hearing loss for the subjects with cochlear implants was sensorineural感觉神经的 in origin; the remaining subject,who wore a hearing aid,had a mixed sensorineural and conductive传导性的 hearing loss (see Methods).Six age-matched control subjects (average hearing loss,13 dB) had hearing typical of their age range (Figure 1b; black).During the experimental session,a robotic device applied a mechanical load to负载 jaw as the subject repeated aloud test-utterances测试发音 that were chosen randomly from a set of four (saw,say,sass,sane) and displayed on a computer monitor.The mechanical load was velocity- dependent and acted to displace the jaw in a protrusion突出,direction,altering改变 somatosensory体觉的 but not auditory feedback9,17,18.Subjects were trained over the course of three hundred utterances发音.
Sensorimotor learning was evaluated using a measure of movement curvature弯曲 to quantify adaptation.Curvature was measured at the point of maximum jaw lowering velocity and was calculated as jaw protrusion隆起物 divided by the magnitude大小 of jaw elevation高度 at this point.The hearing-impaired听觉有缺陷的 subjects were trained with their implant or hearing aid turned off,while control subjects had full hearing during training.
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