lead to 后面可以加从句么?例如：his great effort leads to that he become

不可以.lead to 在表示“引起结果、导致”的意思时,to是介词,后面只能跟有名词词性的词或短语,如名词、现在分词等.
不过你说的这句可以写成
his great effort leads to the result that he becomes excellent.
也就是说 如果想加从句的话,可以在名词(如fact result consequence effect等表示结果的词)后面加一个同位语从句.就像上面的句子那样.