1.being very brave,he went into the ...

1.being very brave,he went into the ...
2.being quite ill ,he could not 以上两句使用非谓语动词,being是充当上面成分啊?
3.hearing the music ,be began to miss...
4.seeing the flame on the top of moutain,they knew that ...这里的是现在分词还是动名词?怎么区别?充当什么成分?