It humiliated him when he heard someone question his talent.

没有大毛病,主语一致一下会好一点吧
He was humiliated when he heard someone questioning his talent .
hear sb do sth 听见某人做了某事
hear sb doing sth 听见某人在做某事
所以我觉得doing 好一点
when 就是引导很普通的时间状语从句